*  & 


cop.  'Z, 


TO  THOSE  ARCHITECTS  AND  ENGINEERS  WHOSE  VALUABLE  CO-OPERATION  HAS  ASSISTED  US 
IN  DEVELOPING  CORRECT  METHODS  AND  APPLI¬ 
ANCES  FOR  ECONOMICAL  ILLUMINATION  FROM 
CONCEALED  SOURCES,  WE  EXPRESS  OUR  SINCERE 
APPRECIATION. 


NATIONAL  X-RAY  REFLECTOR  CO. 


r.v 


Illumination  from  Concealed 
Sources 

and  Detail  Plates 

Copyrighted  1914 

NATIONAL  X-RAY  REFLECTOR  CO. 

NEW  YORK  CHICAGO 


Illumination  from  Concealed  Sources 

Planning  and  Specifying  Interior  Lighting 


Engineering  Department  —  National  X-Ray  Reflector  Company 

HARVEY  B.  WHEELER,  Chief  Engineer 


Table  of  Contents 


Page 

INDIRECT  LIGHTING . 1-32 

DIRECT  LIGHTING  (See  Index-Page  33) . 33_44 

SHOW  WINDOW  LIGHTING  (See  Index-Page  45) . 45-49 

SHOW  AND  WALL  CASE  LIGHTING .  50 

MISCELLANEOUS  DATA .  51 


Indirect  Lighting  Index 


Page 

The  Eye  Comfort  Lighting  System  7 

Equipment 

Tungsten  Lamps . ;  ■  7 

Reflectors .  7 

Fixtures .  8 

Luminous  bowls .  8 

Luminous  bowl  interior  equipment .  9 

Single  unit,  deep  and  shallow  opaque  bowls .  10 

Multi-unit  shallow  opaque  bowls.  .  10 

Multi-unit  deep  opaque  bowls .  10 

Opaque  bowl  interior  equipment .  11 


Specifications  for  fixtures,  reflectors  and  interior 
equipment . 


Planning  the  Lighting  Equipment 
Class  A  Installations 
From  Ceiling  Outlets 

Illumination  Calculations .  12 

Office  Buildings .  :3 

Banks .  x4 

Hotels  and  Clubs  (See  Class-C  for  other  rooms) .  15 

BarberShop .  *5 

Card  Room .  1 5 

Sample  Room .  *5 

Library  Buildings .  :5 

Stores  and  Display  Rooms .  16 

Schools .  T7 


Class  B  Installations 

From  Ceiling  Outlets 

Illumination  Calculations . 

Drafting  Rooms . 

Hospital  Operating  Rooms . 

Large  Sewing  Rooms . 


Planning  the  Lighting  Equipment 

(Continued) 

Class  C  Installations 


From  Ceiling  Outlets  Page 

Illumination  Calculations .  19 

Churches  and  Auditoriums .  21 

Hotels  and  Clubs .  23 

Ball  Room .  23 

Buffet .  23 

Dining  Room .  23 

Lobby .  23 

Lodge  Room .  23 

Hospitals .  24 

Railway  Stations .  25 

Residences .  26 

Theatres .  27 

From  Floor  Outlets 

Portable  Art  Lamp  Equipment .  28 

Portable  Floor  and  Table  Lamps .  29 

Newell  Post  Lighting .  29 

Pedestal  Lighting .  29 

Balcony  Pedestal  Lighting .  29 

Bank  Partition  Lighting .  30 

Lighting  from  Book  Case  Tops.  .  .  .  (See  Plate  No.  9) 

From  Cornice  Outlets 

Churches  and  Auditoriums .  31 

Hotels  and  Clubs .  31 

Residences .  31 

From  Bracket  Outlets 

Hotels  and  Clubs . 31-32 


Index  of  Tables  and  Charts 


Table  DESCRIPTION  Page 

1  Classification  of  X-Ray  Eye  Comfort  Reflectors .  8 

2  Type  of  Reflector  and  Length  of  Suspension,  Class  A  Installations .  12 

3  Watts  per  Sq.  Ft.  for  Office  Buildings .  13 

4  Watts  per  Sq.  Ft.  for  Banks .  14 

5  Watts  per  Sq.  Ft.  for  Hotels  and  Clubs .  15 

6  Watts  per  Sq.  Ft.  for  Library  Buildings .  15 

7  Watts  per  Sq.  Ft.  for  Stores  and  Display  Rooms .  16 

8  Watts  per  Sq.  Ft.  for  Schools .  17 

9  Type  of  Reflector  and  Length  of  Suspension,  Class  B  Installations .  18 

10  Watts  per  Sq.  Ft.  for  Class  B  Installations .  18 

11  Watts  per  Sq.  Ft.  for  Churches  and  Auditoriums .  21 

12  Watts  per  Sq.  Ft.  for  Hotels  and  Clubs .  23 

13  Watts  per  Sq.  Ft.  for  Hospitals .  24 

14  Watts  per  Sq.  Ft.  for  Railway  Stations .  25 

15  Watts  per  Sq.  Ft.  for  Residences .  26 

16  Watts  per  Sq.  Ft.  for  Theatres .  27 

17  Classification  of  X-Ray  Direct  Lighting  Reflectors .  35 

18  Watts  per  Sq.  Ft.  for  Direct  Lighting  Installations .  37 

19  Watts  per  Sq.  Ft.  for  Skylights .  43 

20  Classification  of  X-Ray  Show  Window  Reflectors .  48 

21  Spacing  of  X-Ray  Show  Window  Reflectors .  49 

22  Average  Horizontal  Illumination  on  Working  Plane  for  given  Wattage 

with  Indirect  Lighting .  51 

23  Average  Horizontal  Illumination  on  Working  Plane  for  given  Wattage 

with  Direct  Lighting .  51 


Chart  DESCRIPTION  Page 


1  Type  of  Reflector  and  Length  of  Suspension,  Class  C  Installations.  ...  19 

2  Type  of  Reflector  and  Suspension  Height  for  Direct  Lighting .  37 

3  Selection  of  Show  Window  Reflectors .  49 


INDIRECT  LIGHTING 


Page  Seven 


THE  EYE  COMFORT  LIGHTING  SYSTEM 


Indirect  lighting,  as  exemplified  by  the  EYE  COM¬ 
FORT  LIGHTING  SYSTEM,  is  essentially  illumina¬ 
tion  from  concealed  sources.  The  light  flux  from  the 
primary  light  source,  the  lamp,  is  directed  to  the  ceiling,  a 
relatively  large  area  of  which  in  turn  reflects 
it  back  into  the  room,  and  in  this  capacity 
acts  as  a  secondary  light  source. 

The  resultant  illumination  is  character¬ 
ized  by  absence  of  high  brilliancy  light 
sources,  great  uniformity  of  illumination, 
and  excellent  diffusion  which  eliminates 
sharp  shadows  and  specular  reflection  or 
glare  from  glossy  surfaces. 

No  other  form  of 
illumination  adds  so 
greatly  to  the  com¬ 
fort  of  the  individual 
when  working  under 
artificial  light.  The 
uniform  and  diffuse 
illumination  is  very 
restful  to  the  eye,  and 
several  hours’  work 
under  it  causes  prac¬ 
tically  no  fatigue. 

No  other  form  of 
illumination  is  a  bet¬ 
ter  paying  investment 
to  the  employer.  The 
employee  is  able  to 
work  more  expedient¬ 
ly,  he  makes  fewer 
mistakes,  and  since 
he  is  working  under 
hygienic  conditions 
his  services  and  good 
will  are  retained.  All 
of  these  considera¬ 
tions  result  in  maximum  human  efficiency,  which  in 
these  days  of  high  wages,  is  just  as  important  as 
machine  efficiency. 

No  other  form  of  illumination  adds  so  greatly  to  the 
artistic  appearance  of  an  interior.  It  brings  out  the 
architectural  features  as  a  harmonious  whole,  most 
beautifully.  Many  modes  of  treatment  make  possible 
the  design  of  lighting  equipment,  which  will  blend  in 
with  the  architecture  of  the  interior,  and  frequently  be 
a  part  of  it. 

Scientifically  designed  X-RAY  EYE  COMFORT 
reflectors  and  accessories  have  been  developed  to  meet 
the  requirements  for  indirect  illumination  from  ceiling 
fixtures  of  many  types,  floor  pedestals,  urns,  portable 
floor  and  table  art  lamps,  wall  and  pillar  brackets,  pillar 
capitals,  corbels  and  cornices.  This  equipment  has 
been  standardized,  and  complete  data,  dimensional 
drawings,  and  other  requisite  information  on  the  various 
types  of  reflector  equipment  is  given  herein. 


With  this  data  at  his  command,  the  architect  or  the 
illuminating  engineer,  can  design  his  own  fixtures  to 
harmonize  with  the  specific  interior,  and  be  assured  that 
the  illumination  will  be  ample  in  quantity ,*  perfect  in 
quality,  and  the  combined  artistic  and 
lighting  effect  entirely  in  accord  with  the 
general  period  or  scheme  of  decoration. 

Equipment 

Lamps 

Tungsten  lamps  are  rated  in  watts,  and 
can  be  obtained  in  sizes  varying  from  io 
to  500  watts.  Most  sizes  can  be  supplied  in 

either  straight  or 
round  bulbs.  In  sizes 
up  to  and  including6o 
watts,  the  lamps  are 
furnished  with  un¬ 
skirted  bases,  and 
above  60  watts  with 
skirted  bases. 

The  various  sizes 
of  tungsten  lamps  il¬ 
lustrated  range  from 
40-500  watts  inclu¬ 
sive.  It  will  be  noted 
that  all  sizes  of  lamps 
from  250  watts  down, 
have  Medium  Screw 
bases,  whereas  the  400 
and  500  watt  sizes 
have  Mogul  bases. 
With  indirect  lighting 
clear  bulb  lamps  only 
should  be  used. 

Reflectors 

The  X-RAY  reflec¬ 
tor  is  the  result  of 
years  of  scientific  research  and  investigation.  It  is  a 
silvered  glass  reflector,  which  has  a  reflecting  efficiency 
greatly  in  excess  of  any  of  the  other  commercial 
reflectors,  and  which  gives  perfect  light  control.  The 
special  process  of  silvering  the  outside  of  the  one-piece 
tough  blown  glass  form,  assures  thorough  protection  of 
the  reflecting  surface — pure  silver — and  results  in  per¬ 
manency  of  reflecting  efficiency. 

X-RAY  EYE  COMFORT  reflectors  for  indirect 
lighting  are  designed  in  two  general  types,  distributing 
and  concentrating,  for  tungsten  lamps  ranging  in  size 
from  15  to  500  watts.  Table  1  gives  complete  data  on 
all  X-RAY  EYE  COMFORT  reflectors. 

Distributing  reflectors  are  largely  used  where  a 
considerable  spread  of  light  is  required,  in  interiors 
having  comparatively  low  ceilings.  Concentrating  re¬ 
flectors  are  used  mostly  in  interiors  having  high  ceil¬ 
ings,  where  greater  light  concentration  is  required,  such 
as  churches,  auditoriums  and  most  large  interiors. 


X-Ray  Eye  Comfort,  One  Piece 
Silvered  Glass  Reflector 


Tungsten  Lamps 


*All  data  herein  provides  for  ample  indirect  illumination  without  the  need  of  any  additional  local  illumination  from  desk  lamps,  etc. 


Page  Eight 


INDIRECT  LIGHTING 


EQUIPMENT 

( Continued ) 

Fixtures 


Luminous  Bowls  ( See  Plate  14) 

It  is  good  practice  in  many  interiors,  particularly 
restaurants,  the  main  floor  of  stores  (See  Plate  No.  8) 
and  residences  to  softly  illuminate  part  or  all  of  the 
fixture.  Plate  No.  14  (see  opposite  page)  gives  complete 
data  for  designing  “Luminous  Bowls.” 

The  indirect  “Luminous  Bowl”  shown  below  consists 
of/a  metal  rim,  supporting  a  glass  bowl  and  a  multi¬ 
unit  interior  with  lamps  and  reflectors  in  a  horizontal 
position. 


Luminous  Bowl,  Showing  Interior  Equipment 


These  lamps,  in  opaque  X-RAY  EYE  COMFORT  reflectors, 
give  the  useful  indirect  light. 


This  small  lamp  very  softly  illuminates  the  glass  bowl  for  decora¬ 
tive  effect  only. 

Opaque  Bowls  ( See  Plate  15) 

In  many  interiors  it  is  preferable  to  employ  opaque 
bowls.  This  is  particularly  true  of  churches,  where 
the  best  effects  are  obtained  by  making  the  lighting 
fixtures  as  inconspicuous  as  possible. 

Various  types  of  opaque  totally  indirect  fixtures  made 
of  Compone*  are  illustrated  on  page  10  and  complete 
data  on  the  interior  equipment  is  given  on  Plate  No.  15. 

Multi-unit  shallow  bowl  indirect  fixtures  are  used 
in  rooms  having  ceilings  from  9  to  12  feet  in  height; 
whereas  deep  bowl  fixtures  are  used  on  ceilings  exceed¬ 
ing  1 2  feet. 

*Compone  is  a  material  which  is  not  only  durable,  but  which 
may  be  cast  in  artistic  forms.  Its  surface  is  extremely  tough  and 
will  take  a  variety  of  beautiful  finishes  impossible  of  application  on 
the  ordinary  composition. 


Table  I.  Classification  of  X-Ray  Eye  Comfort  Reflectors 


according  to  Light  Distribution  and  wattage  of  lamps. 


Reflector 

Type  of  Reflector 

Lamp 

No. 

Dimensions 

Light 

Position 

Watts 

Bulb 

Diom . 

Depth. 

Distribution 

of  Lamp 

No . 

Base 

&  15 

4'/8" 

,13,  M 

1  '16 

Concentrating 

Vertical 

15 

GI8'/Z 

G-ld’k 

Unskirted 

L- 15 

4  V' 

/%" 

>  ) 

)) 

Z5 

y  y 

E40 

«fc" 

29/,  e" 

>  1 

33 

25 

S-/9 

f  3 

E'40 

6  V 

2%" 

3  3 

3  3 

40 

S’I9 

3  3 

E-40 

6  %  " 

z%" 

>3 

33 

60 

5- 21 

3  3 

£■60 

- 

z%" 

Distributing 

Horizontal 

25 

S/9 

3  3 

E-60 

— 

z%" 

>} 

33 

40 

S-19 

y  y 

L-60 

— 

z%" 

3%" 

>3 

3  3 

60 

S'ZI 

y  3 

EIOO 

s’/C 

S’/z" 

Vertical 

100 

S30 

Skirted 

E'ZOO 

4%  " 

Concentrating 

33 

100 

S30 

3  3 

E-ZOO'z 

5  'V' 

43/q  " 

33 

3  3 

150 

5-35 

3  » 

E- 150 

12  " 

5  %  " 

Distributing 

150 

5 '35 

3  3 

El  55 

— 

3%" 

3  3 

horizontal 

too 

530 

3  9 

E- 155 

— 

3%" 

>3 

33 

150 

535 

3  9 

EZ50 

13%." 

5’/t  " 

3  3 

Vertical 

250 

S-40 

3  y 

E-255 

I3\" 

6  V 

Concentrating 

33 

250 

5-40 

3  3 

E-255'z 

133/4" 

6%" 

3  > 

33 

400 

G56 

y  > 

E-500 

!6s/q" 

T/e" 

Distributing 

3  3 

400 

G-56 

9  3 

E-500 

7  V' 

)  3 

33 

500 

064- 

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Plate  No.  14 —  Luminous  Bowl  Interior  Equipment 


lighted  bowls  and  do  not  sacrifice  the  indirect  el 


Page  Ten 


INDIRECT  LIGHTING 


EQUIPMENT 

( Continued ) 


ROOM 

Ceiling 

Height 

Feet 

FIXTURE 

No. 

Req’d. 

Type 

No. 

Material 

Finish 

LAMPS* 

REFLECTOR 

Per 

Fix¬ 

ture 

Size 

Watts 

Type 

No. 

Interior 

Equip¬ 

ment 

No. 

Length 
of  sus¬ 
pension 
** 

Private 

Office 

12 

I 

643-F 

Compone 

Old 

Ivory 

3 

150 

E-155 

7052 

36" 

General 

Office 

12 

24 

131-H 

Brass 

Bru’d 

Brass 

I 

250 

E-250 

8022 

36" 

*A11  lamps  specified  must  be  clear  bulb  tungsten  having  a  voltage  rating  corres¬ 
ponding  to  the  voltage  of  the  circuit  on  which  they  are  to  be  used. 

* *The  length  of  suspension  is  the  distance  from  the  top  of  the  reflector  to  the  ceiling. 


Specifications 

NOTE: — The  following  is  a  sample  specification 
for  indirect  lighting  fixtures. 

Fixtures. 

All  fixtures  must  be  constructed  of  the  material  and 
finished  as  specified  in  the  accompanying  schedule  of 
fixtures.  Each  fixture  must  be  equipped  with  the  type 
and  number  of  X-RAY  EYE  COMFORT  reflectors, 
and  the  standard  interior  equipment  speci¬ 
fied,  and  must  be  constructed  in  accordance 
with  all  rules  and  requirements  of  the  Na¬ 
tional  Board  of  Fire  Underwriters. 

Reflectors  and  Interior  Equipment. 

The  reflectors  to  be  furnished  must  be 
X-RAY  EYE  COMFORT  of  the  types 
and  sizes  specified.  The  reflectors  must  be 
one-piece,  tough  blown  silvered  glass  designed 
especially  for  indirect  lighting,  and  for  the 
type  and  size  of  lamps  specified  for  each  fixture. 


The  interior  equipment 
consisting  of  reflectors, 
receptacles,  holders,  cen¬ 
ter  bodies,  nipples  and  all 
requisite  accessories  shall 
be  the  standard  X-RAY 
EYE  COMFORT  interior 
equipment  made  expressly 
for  the  number 
and  size  of  reflec¬ 
tors  and  lamps 
specified  for  each 
fixture,  and  which 
will  hold  the  lamp 
and  reflector  in 
correct  relation 
to  each  other. 


Single-Unit  Deep  Bowl  Interior 


Multi-Unit  Shallow  Bowl  Interior 

Schedule  of  Fixtures  for  Indirect  Lighting 


Multi-Unit  Deep  Bowl 


Single-Unit  Deep  Bowl 


Multi-Unit  Shallow  Bowl 


Multi-Unit  Deep  Bowl  Interior 


INDIRECT  LIGHTING 


Page  Eleven 


MULTI  UNIT  INTERIORS 
DEEP  BOWL  TYPE. 


the  minimum  inside  diameter  and  depth 
of  fixtures  in  which  these  interiors  are 
to  be  used  These  interiors  hove  been 
designed  so  as  to  keep  the  diameter  a 
minimum  ,  bent  nipples  being  used  on  the  Z, 
3  and 4  light  E60  and  the  Zand  3  light 
E'155  interiors  to  accomplish  this  . 

Indicates  that  one  socket  may  be  used  at  center  of 
body  in  connection  with  perforated  top  cap 
I  For  F-IOO  reflector  D  =  7j§  for  E-200  D  --  7| 

+  For  EBSOref lector  D=9g",  for  E255  D=9g  . 


MULTI-UNIT  INTERIORS 
SHALLOW  BOWL  TYPE. 


SINGLE  UNIT  INTERIORS. 


The  dimension  M  indicates 
the  minimum  inside 
diameter  of  the  fixture 
in  which  the  unit  is  to 
be  used.  It  is  the  overall 
length  of  the  horizontal 
E  /35  unit. 


Cotaloq 

No 

Eautpment 

Dimensions 

Reflectors  - 

Lamps 

n 

B 

C 

D 

7000 

2  hqht ,E-40ref!  40w /amp 

6sa 

3% 

3'4 

5% 

1001 

g  11  99  >) 

11  91  ' 

7% 

3 7 8 

11 

1 1 

7002 

4  ”  ”  » 

91  11 

8 

4% 

1 1 

9  1 

7003 

5  ”  ”  ” 

99  11 

9'a 

57a 

11 

1  9 

7 004 

6  ”  "  ” 

99  19  -)•  ' 

10 

6% 

91 

11 

7005 

y  9*  yi  ft 

99  11  -V- 

II 

7% 

11 

9  9 

7006 

Q  M  99 

>9  11  :i'. 

12' 8 

87a 

11 

11 

7007 

g  99  >>  99 

a  11  7*'- 

13 1 8 

9% 

19 

9> 

7008 

to  ”  M  " 

>1  11 

14'  8 

10% 

11 

19 

70/9 

,2  It  E  too  or  E200 ref!  /00w 

9% 

4% 

4% 

t 

7020 

g  *9  9)  99  Jf 

11  11 

10% 

5% 

>1 

t 

7 02  i 

>9  99  f)  )■) 

11  11 

l/% 

7 

9) 

t 

7022 

g  9  9  99  99  9  9 

11  11 

13' 8 

8% 

») 

/ 

7023 

g  99  99  9)  *1 

11  11 

!4% 

9% 

19 

t. 

7 024 

y  99  99  ff  99 

11  11 

/6'e 

//% 

11 

t 

7025 

Q  99  99  99  99 

99  ” 

17% 

/27e 

11 

t 

7026 

2  light -E 2002  reft.  !50wiamp 

9% 

47a 

99 

8% 

7027 

3  ” 

99  " 

I03 a 

5% 

91 

1  9 

7 028 

4  »J  *9  * 9 

99  19 

n% 

7 

11 

9) 

7029 

5  ” 

99  11 

13' 8 

838 

>1 

9  > 

7030 

g  99  99  99 

99  99  7#;. 

14% 

978 

9  1 

91 

7 03/ 

y  99  99  99 

9  9  fi 

/6'a 

l/38 

11 

9  9 

7032 

8  ”  ”  ” 

19  99 

17% 

/27a 

11 

91 

7034 

3  tight,  E-150  ref! 

§ 

I 

13 

7 

6 

8 '4 

1035 

^  99  9}  9  9 

91  9  1 

14% 

8% 

f> 

>) 

7 036 

5  ”  ”  ” 

99  9  1 

!6'2 

iO'z 

99 

9  9 

7037 

g  H  >9  9) 

91  99 

18 ‘4 

12  '4 

99 

» 1 

7038 

y  99  9)  91 

19  11 

20  L 

!4'4 

11 

99 

7039 

Q  >9  99  iy 

11  19 

22' 8 

/6'e 

11 

11 

7040 

g  99  1 9  99 

19  19 

24' 2 

i8'2 

11 

12 

704  i 

to  ”  ”  ,J 

»  >> 

26  4 

20 '4 

9  1 

»9 

7045 

3  HE 250 or  E 255 reft  25  Ow 

15 

8 '8 

67e 

/ 

7046 

4  99  91  99  9) 

11  19 

16% 

97a 

9  9 

/ 

7047 

g  99  99  91  99 

11  91 

i 878 

12 

99 

/ 

7048 

g  19  99  99  *9 

V  11 

2/ 

14' 8 

91 

/ 

7 049 

y  19  *9  91  91 

19  19 

23'a 

16 '4 

11 

/ 

7050 

Q  U  91  91  99 

1>  19 

25% 

18' 2 

1) 

t 

7059 

3  light  E 255?  reft  200 w  lamp 

15 

8'e 

1} 

II 

7060 

4  >9  9 9  99  99 

n 

10'a 

11 

99 

706/ 

5  ”  ”  •” 

99  19 

19 '8 

124 

91 

91 

7062 

g  91  11  91 

11  19 

2! 

14' 8 

>J 

99 

7 063 

y  19  99  i> 

99  99 

23' s 

16  '4 

19 

1> 

7 064 

Q  If  91  19 

11  99 

25 3 8 

18' 2 

91 

99 

7066 

3  It.  E500refi  400or500  w 

18% 

tO '8 

8' 2 

11% 

706  7 

^  91  11  1J  19 

19  11 

20% 

12 '4 

19 

* 9 

7068 

g  19  *9  11  99 

11  11 

23  'g 

14% 

If 

99 

7069 

g  99  91  <99  91 

1)  11 

26 

n'2 

99 

7070 

y  19  11  19  19 

11  11 

26'z 

20 

91 

9  9 

707! 

Q  9!  91  99  19 

19  11 

3/ 4 

22% 

» 1 

•9 

SHALLOW- BOWL  EQUIPMENT. 


7010 

Z  hqht  E  60  reft  60 w.  lamp 

678 

lie 

•  •  • 

3% 

O  13 
i C  16 

ion 

3  ” 

1  1 

11  19 

11  ' 

»i 

19 

70/2 

4  ” 

99 

19  91 

11 

8% 

.  .  . 

*  9 

99 

7  0/3 

5  ” 

11 

11  99 

11 

9% 

6 '4 

91 

99 

70/4 

6  ” 

11 

19  19 

»> 

10% 

7'4 

91 

99 

70/5 

7  " 

11 

99  11 

99 

10% 

1'4 

19 

99 

70/6 

8  " 

J1 

99  91 

11 

II '2 

8'e 

91 

91 

705/ 

2  It  Eh 55 reft  100  or  !50w 

9'i  6 

• . . 

4 

37a 

7052 

3 ”  ” 

1} 

19  19 

91 

9% 

. . . 

11 

»9 

7 053 

4 99  9J 

91 

19  I9 

11 

//% 

7% 

11 

*9 

7054 

5„  u 

19  99 

11 

13% 

9% 

11 

1» 

7055 

6”  ” 

11 

99  11 

99 

13% 

9% 

11 

19 

7 056 

y  9i  99 

19 

11  11 

11 

13% 

9% 

9  > 

1  9 

705  7 

8”  " 

19 

99  11 

11 

14% 

/0% 

19 

91 

SINGLE -UNIT  EQUIPMENT.  M  D 


80 16 

E  -  40  ref lector  -  40 wait  /amp 

S' 2 

53e 

81  12 

E-/55 

9) 

-100  or  150  w  lamp 

II 

3% 

8018 

E-100 

>1 

•iOOwoli  iomp 

9'z 

7% 

8019 

E-200 

91 

■100  J’  ’’ 

9'2 

7% 

8020 

E-200i 

If 

-150  ” 

9'z 

8% 

802  i 

E-150 

91 

-150  ’’ 

12 

84 

8022 

E250 

91 

-250  ”  .  ” 

13% 

9% 

8023 

E-255 

19 

■250  "  " 

13 % 

9 7 8 

8 1  10 

E-255i 

19 

400  }>  ” 

13% 

II 

81  1  1 

E-500 

99 

400 or 500 w  tamp. 

n 

11% 

Plate  No.  15 — Interior  Equipment  for  Opaque  Bowls 


Uo  OF  ILL  LltJ. 


Page  Twelve 


INDIRECT  LIGHTING 


CLASS  A  INSTALLATIONS 


Included  in  this  class  are  the  following  types  of  in¬ 
stallations,  in  which  uniform  and  diffuse  general  working 
illumination  is  required: 


Office  Buildings 
Hotels  and  Clubs 
Barber  Shop 
Card  Room 
Sample  Room 


Banks 

Library  Buildings 

Stores  and  Display  Rooms 

Schools 


Illumination  Calculations. 

(1)  Spacing  and  Number  of  Fixtures. 

Divide  the  area  or  bay  to  be  illuminated  into  a 
number  of  equal  rectangles,  (approximate  squares). 
For  ceiling  heights  up  to  12  feet,  the  maximum  dimension 
of  the  rectangle  should  not  exceed  1.5  times  the  ceiling 
height ;  from  12  feet  to  17  feet  inclusive,  1.75  times  the 
ceiling  height ;  above  18  feet,  2  times  the  ceiling  height. 
Locate  an  electric  ceiling  outlet  at  the  center  of  each 
rectangle. 

(2)  Wattage  Required. 

Select  from  the  subsequent  tables,  the  watts  per 
square  foot  required  for  the  particular  interior.  Multi¬ 
ply  the  area  of  one  rectangle,  obtained  from  (1),  by  this 
quantity,  and  obtain  the  required  wattage  per  outlet 
or  fixture. 

(3)  Number  of  Lamps  per  Fixture. 

Knowing  the  watts  per  fixture  and  the  wattage  of 
the  lamp  it  is  desired  to  use,  the  number  of  lamps  per 
fixture  may  be  readily  obtained. 

(4)  Type  of  Reflector  and  Length  of  Suspension. 

Select  from  Table  2  the  type  of  reflector  (concentrat¬ 


ing  or  distributing)  and  length  of  suspension  required 
for  the  size  of  rectangle  obtained  from  (1)  and  the  ceil¬ 
ing  height  under  consideration.  Refer  to  Table  1  for 
the  reflector  number  corresponding  to  the  size  of  lamp 
to  be  used. 

Example  Calculation 

It  is  required  to  illuminate  a  general  office  (Hibbard 
Spencer  Bartlett  &  Co.,  Plate  No.  1)  of  the  following 
dimensions  per  bay. 

Length  17'  o",  Width  12'  4”,  Ceiling  height  14'  6" 

(1)  Spacing  and  Number  of  Fixtures. 

Multiply  the  ceiling  height  14'  6"  by  1.75  and  obtain 
25.4  feet,  the  maximum  dimension  of  the  rectangle  that 
can  be  illuminated  from  one  center  outlet.  Since  the 
length  of  the  bay  does  not  exceed  25.4  feet,  one  fixture 
per  bay  will  be  satisfactory.  Therefore  the  dimensions 
of  the  rectangles  to  be  illuminated  from  one  center  out¬ 
let  are  17'  o"xl2'  4". 

(2)  Wattage  Required. 

For  a  general  office  1.25  watts  per  square  foot  (Table 
3,  Page  13)  should  be  used.  Multiply  the  area  of  one 
rectangle  (17'  o"x  12'  4"),  208  square  feet,  by  1.25,  and 
obtain  260  watts. 

(3)  Number  of  Lamps  per  Fixture. 

Suppose  it  is  desired  to  use  single  unit  fixtures.  A 
250-watt  lamp  obviously  is  the  nearest  size  of  lamp 
which  will  be  satisfactory.  (See  page  7). 

(4)  Type  of  Reflector  and  Length  of  Suspension. 

Referring  to  Table  2,  the  reflector  called  for  in  this 
case  is  a  distributing  type,  42-48  inches  to  the  ceiling. 


Table  2  -Class  A  ’  InsiaUations . 


do 

Type  of  ref  lector  ond  length 

Concentrating 

54”  66” 

Distributing 

60  ”-7/2 

19 

of  suspension  in  inches 
reauired  for  rooms  of 

18 

f 

various  dimensions . 

Concentrating 
48” 60 ” 

Distributing 

43  ”-60 

n 

$ 

16 

t 

Concentrating 
4Z  ”-  54  • ' 

Distributing 

4 2” -54  " 

15 

« 

C  oncen  tra  ting 
42” -43” 

Distributing 

4 2  ”-43 

14 

r 

Distributing 

42  "-4&  ” 

13 

t 

Distri  bu  ting 

36"-  42”  7 

!Z 

t 

Distri  butinq 

30  "-36 

II 

t 

Distributing 

24”- 36  ” 

10 

* 

Distributing 
24  ”-30 

9 

♦ 

Distri b 
13”-  24” 

/ 

VI ^ 

J.Vi 

n  c 

?  1V1 

r-i  4 

8 

9 

Distributing 

)8” 

/  /  II  •  1  ww/  U/  f  /  /  ILJ 1 

can  be  illuminated  from  one  center  outlet .  > 

Q) 

<8 


-c 

$ 

-c 

c 


<o 


8  ’ 


INDIRECT  LIGHTING 


Page  Thirteen 


Class  A  Installations — Ceiling  Outlets 

OFFICE  BUILDINGS 

( See  Plate  No.  i) 


Curtis  Publishing  Company 

Large  employers  of  labor  realize  that  human  effi¬ 
ciency  is  quite  as  important  as  machine  efficiency,  and 
that  equipment  which  will  add  to  the  convenience  and 
comfort  of  the  employees,  keep  their  good  will,  and  most 
important  of  all,  conserve  their  health  and  strength,  is 
a  paying  investment. 

For  this  reason  the  Curtis  Publishing  Company, 
when  considering  the  lighting  system  for  its  new  office 
building,  retained  the  services  of  a  committee  of  five 
professional  men,  who  gave  a  year  of  careful  study  to 
the  question.  A  very  exhaustive  investigation  of  all 
modern  systems  of  illumination  was  made,  in  which  the 
original  cost,  cost  of  operation,  cost  of  maintenance  and 
depreciation  were  weighed  against  the  seeing  efficiency 
or  visual  acuity  of  the  eye.  As  a  result  indirect  lighting 
was  selected  and  installed  in  all  the  offices. 

The  press  rooms,  pump  rooms,  etc.,  are  equipped 
with  X-RAY  direct  lighting  equipment.  (See  page  41). 


Armour  &  Co.,  Chicago  R.  C.  Clark,  Architect 


Butler  Bros. 

The  offices  and  salesrooms  of  the  new  Butler  Bros. 
Building,  which  is  15  stories  high  and  covers  a  city 
block,  are  equipped  with  1600  indirect  fixtures.  The 
print  shops  are  illuminated  with  X-RAY  direct  lighting. 
(See  page  39). 

Illumination  Calculations 

General  Offices,  Butler  Bros. 

(1)  Spacing  and  Number  of  Fixtures. 

Typical  bay  20'  o"x  16'  6".  Ceiling  12' .  Fixtures 
per  bay  4.  Area  of  rectangle  illuminated  from 
one  fixture  io'x8'  3"=82.5  sq.  ft. 

(2)  Wattage  Required. 

( Table  3) 

1.25x82.5=103  watts. 

(3)  Number  of  Lamps  per  Fixture. 

1-100-watt. 

(4)  Type  of  Reflector  and  Length  of  Suspension. 

( Tables  1 — 2) 

E-100  Reflector. 

30"  from  top  of  reflector  to  ceiling. 


Curtis  Publishing  Company,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Edgar  V.  Seeler,  Architect 


Armour  &  Co. 

The  Armour  Building  occupies  an  area  of  22,750  sq. 
ft.,  and  is  five  stories  in  height.  The  major  portion  of 
the  building  is  laid  out  in  large  open  areas,  which  are 
used  for  general  office  work. 

Indirect  illumination  is  used  throughout  the  build¬ 
ing.  Some  900  fixtures  are  installed. 

Installation  Data 

General  Offices,  Armour  &  Co. 

Typical  bay  17'  o"x2i'  o"  Ceiling  15'  6" 

No.  of  fixtures  4  Lamps  per  fixt.  1-100  watt 

Type  of  reflector  E-200  Length  of  suspension  24" 

Table  3.  Watts  Per  Sq.  Ft.  for  Office  Buildings 

General  1.25 — 1.50  Private  1.00  -1.25 

Stenographic  1.25 — 1.75  Accounting  1.25 — 1.75 

Vaults  and  Filing  0.75 — 1.00  Stock  Room  0.75 — 1.25 

Consultation  R’m.  1.00  —1.25  Reception  Room  0.75 — 1.00 

Lobby  1-00 — 1.50  Corridor  0.50 — 0.75 

These  values  apply  to  the  use  of  light  ceilings  (white,  cream  or  light 
ivory)  high  efficiency  X-RAY  EYE  COMFORT  Reflectors,  and  clear 
bulb  tungsten  lamps.  They  cover  a  permissible  decrease  in  illumination 
of  25  per  cent,  due  to  dust  accumulation,  etc. 


Butler  Bros.,  Chicago 


D.  H.  Burnham  &  Co.,  Architects 


Page  Fourteen 


INDIRECT  LIGHTING 


Class  A  Installations — Ceiling  Outlets 

BANKS 

( See  Plate  No.  2) 

ill  V  ill! 


Peninsular  State  Bank,  Detroit,  Mich. 
Donaldson  &  Meier,  Architects 

Peninsular  State  Bank 

As  shown  on  the  plan  and  elevation,  this  banking 
space  is  illuminated  by  means  of  a  combination  indirect 
and  direct  lighting  through  the  skylight.  The  latter 
type  of  lighting  is  fully  treated  under  Direct  Lighting 
(page  43).  The  direct  lighting  is  of  a  very  diffuse  nature 
and  does  not  detract  from  the  indirect  illumination.  No 
cage  or  grill  illumination  is  provided,  nor  are  desk  lamps 
of  any  sort  installed.  The  general  illumination  is  en¬ 
tirely  sufficient  for  the  most  exacting  work. 

Approximately  no  indirect  fixtures  are  installed. 

Illumination  Calculations 

Banking  Space 

(1)  Spacing  and  Number  of  Fixtures. 

The  architecture  of  the  ceiling  determines  the  num¬ 
ber  and  spacing  of  fixtures  and  the  length  of  suspension 
in  this  particular  installation.  (See  Ceiling  Plan). 

(2)  Wattage  Required. 

{ Table  4). 

2.0 x  2570=5140  watts. 

(3)  Number  of  Lamps  per  Fixture. 

16  indirect  fixtures. 

1-250  watt  lamp  each. 

24  Direct  lighting  reflectors  (above  skylight). 

1-60  watt  lamp  each. 

(4)  Type  of  Reflector  and  Length  of  Suspension. 

{Tables  x  and  2). 

16  indirect  fixtures. 

E-255  reflector. 

5'  o"  from  top  of  reflector  to  ceiling. 

24  No.  555  reflectors  above  skylight. 

Table  4.  Watts  Per  Sq.  Ft.  for  Banks 


Banking  Space  1.25 — 2.00 

General  Office  1.25 — 1.50 

Stenographic  Room  1.25 — 1.75 
Consultation  Room  1.00 — 1.25 


Public  Space  0.75 — 1.25 

Private  Office  1.00 — 1.25 

Accounting  Room  1.25 — 1.75 
Vaults  and  Filing  0.75 — 1.00 


These  values  apply  to  the  use  of  light  ceilings  {white,  cream  or 
light  ivory),  high  efficiency  X-RAY  EYE  COMFORT  reflectors,  and 
clear  bulb  tungsten  lamps.  They  cover  a  permissible  decrease  in 
illumination  of  25  per  cent,  due  to  dust  accumulation,  etc. 


Section 


■  57 '-O' 


& 


Ss 


XTayEye  Comfort  Reflectors 
No.E-Z55  with  £50  Watt  Duik 

4 


& 


$ 


n 


i 


T 

1 


a 

\X-Ps  r 

n  JTH 

4 


i  O  W,TrrJk 

w 


IMW 


£ 


n 

n 

n 

n 

* 

i 

* 

1 

i 

& 


Ceiling  Plan 


INDIRECT  LIGHTING 


Page  Fifteen 


Class  A  Installations— Ceiling  Outlets 

HOTELS  AND  CLUBS 


Auditorium.  Hotel,  Chicago,  III. 


Table  5.  Watts  Per  Sq.  Ft.  for  Hotels  and  Clubs 

Barber  Shop  1.00 — 1.25 

Card  Room  1.00 — 1.50 

Sample  Room  1.50 — 2.00 

These  values  apply  to  the  use  of  light  ceilings  {white,  cream  or 
light  ivory,)  high  efficiency  X-RAY  EYE  COMFORT  reflectors,  and 
clear  bulb  tungsten  lamps.  They  cover  a  permissible  decrease  in  illumi¬ 
nation  of  25  per  cent,  due  to  dust  accumulation,  etc. 

It  is  apparent  to  everyone  that  indirect  lighting 
adds  greatly  to  the  comfort  of  the  patrons  of  a  barber 
shop. 

Installation  Data 

Barber  Shop,  Auditorium  Hotel 

Size  23'  o"  x  40'  o"  Ceiling  10'  o" 

No.  of  fixtures  6  Lamps  per  fixture  1-150  watt 

Type  of  reflector  E-200  Length  of  suspension  24" 


LIBRARY  BUILDINGS 

{See  Plate  No.  10) 

Milwaukee  Public  Library 

A  library  room,  without  countless  table  lamps  to 
obstruct  the  view,  is  an  achievement.  The  reading  room 
of  the  Milwaukee  Public  Library,  is  a  good  example  of 
how  this  may  be  accomplished.  The  entire  reading  space 
is  flooded  with  an  even  intensity  of  illumination  on  the 
working  plane  (plane  of  the  tables)  by  the  indirect  fix¬ 
tures  36  feet  above.  The  diffuse  character  of  the  illumi¬ 
nation  eliminates  sharp  shadows  and  glare. 

Illumination  Calculations 

Reading  Room,  Chicago  Public  Library 

(1)  Spacing  and  Number  of  Fixtures. 

Typical  bay  48'  o"  x  18'  o" — Ceiling  15'  4" 

Fixtures  per  bay — 3. 

Area  illuminated  from  one  fixture  16'  o"  x  18'  o"- 
288  sq.  ft. 

(2)  Wattage  required. 

{Table  No.  6). 

1.5  x  288=432  watts. 

(3)  Number  of  Lamps  per  Fixture. 

1-400  watt. 

(4)  Type  of  Reflector  and  Length  of  Suspension. 

{Tables  1  and  2). 

E-500  Reflector. 

42"  from  top  of  reflector  to  ceiling. 


Public  Library,  Milwaukee,  Wis.  Ferry  &  Clas,  Architects 

Vaughn,  Meyer  &  Sweet,  Consulting  Engineers 

A  catalogue  room  equipped  with  properly  designed  in¬ 
direct  lighting  fixtures  will  require  no  local  illumination  at 
the  card  cases.  The  diffused  illumination  penetrates  into 
the  drawers  making  it  unnecessary  to  remove  the  cards. 

Table  6.  Watts  Per  Sq.  Ft.  for  Library  Buildings 
Lobby  0.75 — 1.00  Corridor  0.50 — 0.75 

Delivery  Room  1.00 — 1.25  Catalogue  Room  1.00 — 1.25 

Reading  Room  1.25 — 1.75  Lecture  Room  0.75 — 1.25 

These  values  apply  to  the  use  of  light  ceilings  {white,  cream  or 

light  ivory),  high  efficiency  X-RAY  EYE  COMFORT  reflectors  and 
clear  bulb  tungsten  lamps.  They  cover  a  permissible  decrease  in  il¬ 
lumination  of  25  per  cent,  due  to  dust  accumulation,  etc. 


Chicago  Public  Library,  Chicago,  III. 
Shepley  Rutan  &?  Coolridge,  Architects 


P age  Sixteen 


INDIRECT  LIGHTING 


Class  A  Installations — Ceiling  Outfits 

STORES  AND  DISPLAY  ROOMS 

(See  Plate  No.  8) 


Third  Floor,  Hub  Store,  Chicago  Marshall  &  Fox,  Architects 


Barnum  Trunk  Co.,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 


The  Hub 

The  illumination  of  a  high-class 
store  for  men,  such  as  the  Hub,  re¬ 
quires  something  distinctive  in  the 
character  of  the  lighting  equipment. 
The  main  floor  of  the  Hub,  shown  on 
Plate  No.  8,  is  equipped  with  lumi¬ 
nous  bowls  of  special  design. 

The  basement  and  upper  seven 
floors,  have  specially  designed  Corn- 
pone  fixtures. 

Illumination  Calculations 

Third  Floor,  The  Hub. 

(1)  Spacing  and  Number  of  Fixtures. 
Typical  bay  22'  6"  x  22'  6". 

Ceiling  13'  6". 

Fixtures  per  bay  4. 

Area  illuminated  from  one  fixture, 
11'  3"  x  11'  3,,=  I26.5  sq.  ft. 

(2)  Wattage  Required. 

(Table  7). 

2.0  x  126.5=253  watts. 

(3)  Number  of  Lamps  per  Fixture. 
1-250  watt. 

(4)  Type  of  Reflector  and  Length  of 
Sits  pension. 

(Tables  1  and  2). 

E-250  reflector. 

36"  from  top  of  reflector  to  ceiling. 


P  SSiisSSSSSli 
life  fHaiiiiSl. 


The  Lytton  Bldg.,  Home  of  The  Hub 
Chicago 


Barnum  Trunk  Co. 

The  leather  goods  department  of 
the  Barnum  Trunk  Co.,  illustrates 
the  successful  solution  of  adequately 
illuminating  a  salesroom  in  which 
chiefly  dark  goods  are  displayed. 
The  goods  stand  out  in  clear  detail 
and  true  color  values. 

Installation  Data 

Salesroom,  Barnum  Trunk  Co. 

Typical  bay  20'  o"  x  20'  o" . 

Ceiling  15'  o". 

Number  of  fixtures  1. 

Lamps  per  fixture  4-150  watt. 

Type  of  reflector  E-200. 

Length  of  suspension  48". 

Albert  Breitung 

Size  6o'  o"  x  1 8'  o". 

Ceiling  12'  o". 

Number  of  fixtures  3. 

Lamps  per  fixture  8-60  watt. 

Type  of  reflector  E-60. 

Length  of  suspension  30". 

Table  7.  Watts  per  Sq.  Ft.  for 
Stores  and  Display  Rooms 
Dark  Display  1.50 — 2.25 

Light  Display  1.25 — 1.75 

These  values  apply  to  the  use  of  light  ceil¬ 
ings  (white,  cream  or  light  ivory),  high  effi¬ 
ciency  X-RA  Y  EYE  COMFORT  reflectors,  and 
clear  bulb  lamps.  They  cover  a  permissible 
decrease  in  illumination  intensity  of  25  percent, 
due  to  dust  accumulation,  etc. 


Albert  Breitung  Cigar  Store,  Chicago 


Kohler  6*  Chase,  Musical  Instruments,  Seattle,  Wash. 
Bebb  &  Mendel,  Architects 


INDIRECT  LIGHTING 


P a  ge  Seven  teen 


Class  A  Installations — Ceiling  Outlets 


SCHOOLS 

(See  Page  Three) 


Boys  High  School 

LTndoubtedly  the  school,  next  to  the  home,  is  the 
place  to  begin  conserving  the  vision  of  our  future 
generations  by  supplying  comfortable  and  sufficient 
illumination.  Indirect  lighting  is  particularly  well 
adapted  to  the  class  room.  It  will  supply  sufficient 
illumination  on  each  desk,  and  it  will  be  impossible  for 
a  pupil  to  cast  annoying  shadows  on  his  neighbor’s 
desk.  The  Boys  High  School,  of  which  an  exterior  and 
several  interior  views  are  shown  on  page  3,  is  equipped 
throughout  with  indirect  lighting;  154  Compone  fixtures 
of  special  design  are  used. 

Illumination  Calculations 

Class  Room,  Boys  High  School 

(1)  Spacing  and  Number  of  Fixtures. 

Size  of  Room  25'  o"  x  35'  o"  Ceiling  13'  o" 

Total  fixtures  2 

Area  illuminated  from  one  fixture  25'  o"xi7'6"= 
438  sq.  ft. 


Rugby  School,  Rugby,  England.  Sir  Thomas  Jackson,  Architect 
Installation  made  by  British  Thomson-  Houston  Co.,  Ltd. 


(2)  Wattage  Required. 

(7  able  8) 

1.25x438=547  watts. 

(3)  Number  of  Lamps  per 

Fixture. 

5-100  watt. 

(4)  Type  of  Reflector  and 

Length  of  Suspension. 
(Tables  1  and  2). 

E-100  reflector. 

42"  from  top  of  reflector 
to  ceiling. 

Installation  Data 

Chemical  Laboratory, 

Boys  High  School- 

Size  25'  o"  X  41'  o" 

Ceiling  13'  o" 

Number  of  fixtures  3 
Lamps  per  fixture  5-100  watt 
Type  of  reflector  E-100 
Length  of  suspension  36" 


Boys  High  School,  New  Orleans,  La. 
E.  A.  Christy,  Architect 


Rugby  School 

The  historic  temple  speech 
room  of  Rugby  School  has 
recently  been  equipped  with 
indirect  lighting. 

Installation  data  is  given 
on  the  plan  and  section.  The 
large  center  fixture  is  equipped 
with  E-255  reflectors  and  the 
remainder,  E-200  reflectors. 

Table  8.  Watts  per  Sq.  Ft. 
for  Schools 


Class  Room . 0.75 — 1.25 

Class  Room  (Business 

College) . 1.25-1.50 

Laboratory . 1.00  1.75 

Museum . 0.75 — 1.00 

Assembly  Hall . 0.75—1.25 


These  values  apply  to  the  use  of 
light  ceilings  (white,  cream  or  light 
ivory),  high  efficiency  X-RAY  EYE 
COMFORT  reflectors,  and  clear  bulb 
tungsten  lamps.  They  cover  a  permis¬ 
sible  decrease  in  illumination  of  25  per 
cent,  due  to  dust  accumulation,  etc. 


Boys  High  School,  New  Orleans 


Plan  and  Section,  Rugby  School 


Page  Eighteen 


INDIRECT  LIGHTING 


CLASS  B  INSTALLATIONS 


{See  Plates  3  and  1 1 ) 


Included  in  this  class  are  the  following  types  of 
installations,  in  which  a  uniform  and  extremely  diffuse 
and  perfectly  shadowless  illumination  on  the  working 
plane  (plane  of  tables  or  desks)  is  required : 

Drafting  Rooms 
Operating  Rooms 

Large  Sewing  Rooms  (Tailoring  establishments) 

(1)  Spacing  and  Number  of  Fixtures. 

Divide  the  area  to  be  illuminated,  or  a  typical  bay, 
into  a  number  of  equal  rectangles  (approximate  squares). 
For  ceiling  heights  up  to  and  including  1 2  feet ,  the  maxi¬ 
mum  dimension  of  the  rectangle  should  not  exceed  0.75 
times  the  ceiling  height ;  above  12  feet  the  maximum  should 
not  exceed  the  ceiling  height. 

(2)  Wattage  Required. 

Select  from  the  subsequent  tables,  the  watts  per 
square  foot  required  for  the  particular  interior.  Multi¬ 
ply  the  area  of  one  rectangle  obtained  from  (1)  by  this 
quantity  and  obtain  the  required  wattage  per  outlet 
or  fixture. 

(3)  Number  of  Lamps  per  Fixture. 

Knowing  the  watts  per  fixture  and  the  wattage  of 
the  lamp  it  is  desired  to  use,  the  number  of  lamps  per 
fixture  may  be  readily  obtained. 

(4)  Type  of  Reflector  and  Length  of  Suspension. 

Select  from  Table  9  the  length  of  suspension  required 
for  the  size  of  rectangle  obtained  from  (1)  and  the 
ceiling  height  under  consideration.  Refer  to  Table  1 
for  the  reflector  number  corresponding  to  the  size  of 
lamp  to  be  used. 


An  excellent  drafting  room 
installation  is  illustrated  on 
Plate  No.  3. 

No  desk  lamps  are  required. 

The  fixtures  are  overhead  and 
out  of  the  way.  The  tables 
may  be  placed  in  any  posi¬ 
tion  desired.  There  are  no 
shadows  on  the  working  plane, 

(plane  of  the  table)  so  that  a 
person  is  “ never  in  his  own 
light." 

Plate  No.  11  illustrates  and 
gives  complete  data  on  an 
operating  room.  Here  again 
the  illumination  on  the  table 
is  shadowless;  the  fixtures  are 
up  high,  eliminating  the  dan¬ 
ger  of  infecting  the  wound  due 
to  dust  shaken  from  the  light¬ 
ing  equipment,  and  protect¬ 
ing  the  patient  from  the  heat 
of  the  lamps. 

Table  10.  Watts  Per  Sq.Ft.for  Class  B  Installations 

Drafting  Rooms  2.25 — 2.75 

Operating  Rooms  2.50 — 3.75 

Sewing  Rooms  (Large)  2.25 — 2.75 

The  values  apply  to  the  use  of  light  ceilings  [white,  cream  or 
light  ivory),  high  efficiency  X-RA  Y  EYE  COMFORT  reflectors,  and 
clear  bulb  tungsten  lamps.  They  cover  a  permissible  decrease  in 
illumination  of  25  per  cent,  due  to  dust  accumulation,  etc. 


Operating  Room,  St.  Marys 
Hospital,  Rochester,  Minn. 


Table  9  -  Class  “B”  Installations . 


zo' 

Type  of  ref  lector  and  length 

Distributing 

54 ”■  7 

19’ 

or  suspension  in  mcnes 
required  for  rooms  of 
various  dimensions . 

IQ' 

Distributing 

48  -66" 

17' 

16 ’ 

Dislributinq 

48"-  58" 

15' 

Dislributinq 

42  "-54" 

14’ 

Distributing 
42  "-46 

13’ 

Distr/b . 
42  " 

18’ 

Distr/b. 

36" 

//’ 

Dr's  f rib 
30  " 

10' 

D/strib  . 
28  ” 

9 ’ 

Dist. 

24" 

Mr, 

. 

JLr,  V 

8 ' 

cart  be  illuminated  from  one  center  outlet 

Q) 

J? 

e 


.  Cr> 

Q> 

-C 

C 


Co 


6 


8' 


16’ 


INDIRECT  LIGHTING 


Page  Nineteen 


CLASS  C  INSTALLATIONS 


Class  C  embraces  installations  where  the  artistic  and 
aesthetic  play  a  very  important  part,  and  where  uni¬ 
formity  of  illumination  is  of  less  importance,  and  hence 
must  necessarily  be  sacrificed  to  the  former  qualities. 
This  class  of  interiors  may  be  treated  in  numerous  ways, 
from  ceiling,  floor,  cornice,  bracket  outlets,  etc. 

Included  in  it  are  the  following  types  of  interiors: 


Hotels  and  Clubs  Churches  and  Auditoriums 
Ball  Room  Hospitals 

Buffet  Railway  Stations 

Dining  Room  Residences 

Lobby  Theatres 

Lodge  Room 

In  planning  installations  of  this  class,  it  is  not  possi¬ 
ble  to  give  one  method  of  procedure  which  will  apply  to 
all  cases;  in  fact,  individual  cases  require  separate 
methods  of  treatment. 


Spacing  and  Number  of  Fixtures. 

The  spacing  of  units  in  many  cases  is  dependent  on 
the  architectural  features  of  the  interior  as  well  as  the 
dimensions  of  the  room. 


Wattage  Required. 

The  required  wattage  may  be  obtained  from  the 
subsequent  tables  of  watts  per  sq.  ft.  for  various  in¬ 
teriors. 


Type  of  Reflector  and  Length  of  Suspension. 


Flat  Ceilings 

The  length  of  suspension  for  flat  ceilings  is  largely 
a  matter  of  proper  proportions  and  artistic  appearance. 
Care  should  be  exercised,  however,  to  permit  no  light 
to  strike  the  walls  directly.  Chart  No.  i  gives  the  ceiling 
spread  on  flat  ceilings,  for  the  concentrating  and  dis¬ 


tributing  types  of  reflectors  for  various  lengths  of  sus¬ 
pension.  A  fixture  shoidd  never  be  located  closer  to  the 
wall  than  one-half  the  ceiling  spread. 

Type  of  Reflector  and  length  of  Suspension. 

Arched  Ceilings 

For  arches  in  which  the  span  does  not  exceed  3.5  times 
the  rise,  concentrating  reflectors  shoidd  be  used,  and  the 
height  of  suspension  should  not  exceed  0.75  of  the  rise. 
For  arches  where  the  span  exceeds  3.5  times  the  rise,  the 
distributing  reflector  shoidd  be  used,  and  the  length  of 
suspension  may  equal,  and  in  some  cases  exceed  the  rise. 
For  arches  having  only  a  very  slight  curvature,  Chart 
No.  1  may  be  applied  in  determining  the  length  of  sus¬ 
pension. 


Installation  Data 


Size  40'  o"  x  6o'  o" 

No.  of  fixtures  3 
Type  of  reflector  E-100 


Ceiling  height  15'  o" 

Lamps  per  fixture  7-100  watt 
Length  of  suspension  5'  o"  * 


Chart  No.  I .  -  Class  “C”  Installations. 


*Obviously  the  correct  length  of  suspension  for  best  appearance  is  5'  0"  which  is  safely  within  the  limits  of  chart  No.  1. 


Saint  Cyrils  %>man  Catholic  Church 
Chicago 

Joseph  Molltor  -Architect 


& 


£vanqehcal  Trinity  Ckurck 
Ttilwaulcee,  UJis. 
ScWnetjky  «1  Son  ■  Architect 


First  Ireshytpria'n  Churcl 
Clarmda,  [owa. 


Zi^hth  Church  /Christ  Scientist  -  CWa^o 
Leon.  E. Stanhope  ArcKitect 


i/orth  Ckia^o  Hebrew  Church 

Chicago 

Alt  rei  S.  AlscVi viler  Arctu{ect 


INDIRECT  LIGHTING 


Page  Twenty-One 


Class  C  Installations— Ceiling  Outlets 


CHURCHES  AND  AUDITORIUMS 


(See  Plate  6) 

Eberhardt  Memorial  Church 

The  illustrations  show  a  very  striking  example  in 
which  the  lighting  equipment  is  made  a  part  of  the 
architecture.  The  Compone  fixtures  are  Gothic  in 
design,  and  special  provision  is  made  in  the  ceiling  con¬ 
struction  for  the  reception  of  the  fixture  canopies.  Each 
of  the  large  fixtures,  suspended  from  the  main  vaulted 
ceiling,  is  equipped  with  a  windlass,  which  permits 
lowering  the  fixtures  for  cleaning  and  lamp  renewals. 


r 

/■/oo» 

X 

4  y 

a 

sr 

\ 

FOYER  [ 

f— 

- 

V 

/-/OO  w. 

s? 

- 

b- — 

I-I50~ 

X 

V 


1-lSOw 


S-  fOOw. 
GALLERY  LINE 


* 


/■/SO  w 

x 

Ah 


h/OOw. 


-fp  foyer 


/V 

V 

I-IOO M 

s - 


Illumination  Calculations 

Nave,  Eberhardt  Memorial  Church 

(1)  Spacing  and  Number  of  Fixtures. 

A  single  fixture  at  the  center  of  the  nave  obviously 
is  the  only  possible  arrangement. 

(2)  Wattage  Required. 

(Table  11). 

1.25  x  1520=1900  watts. 

(3)  Number  of  Lamps  per  Fixture. 

5-400  watt. 

(4)  Type  of  Reflector  and  Length  of  Suspension. 

(Table  1  and  Arched  ceiling  data.) 

E-255  reflector. 

9'  6"  from  top  of  reflector  to  ceiling. 

NOTE: — This  fixture  helps  to  illuminate  the  transcepts  and 
fixtures  in  transcepts  help  illuminate  the  nave.  The  total  required 
wattage  however  should  be  proportioned  among  the  various  fix¬ 
tures  according  to  areas  served.  (See  Plan). 


Eberhardt  Memorial  Church,  Mishawaka,  Ind. 

Badgley  &  Nicklas,  Architects,  Cleveland,  0. 

Table  11.  Watts  Per  Sq.  Ft.  for  Churches  and 

Auditoriums 

Auditorium  0.75 — 1.25  Sunday  School  R’m.0.50 — 1.00 

Vestibule  0.75 — 1.00  Foyer  0.75 — 1.00 

Pastor’s  Study  0.50 — 1.00  Choir  Room  0.50 — 1.00 

These  values  apply  to  the  use  of  light  ceilings  (white,  cream  or 
lightjivory),  high  efficiency  X-RAY  EYE  COMFORT  reflectors,  and 
clear, bulb  tungsten  lamps.  They  cover  a  permissible  decrease  in  illumina¬ 
tion  of  25  per  cent,  due  to  dust  accumulation,  etc. 


AUDITORIUM. 

a 


Section 


Lounge 

Gro\/e  Park  Inn 


Blackstcme  Hotel  Chicago 

Marshall  and  fo/’  Architects 


Bev/erlu 
Hills  7 
Hotel 

Elmer  Grevj 

Architect 
Los  Angeles.Csd 


Grove  Park  Inn 

AsKev/vlle,  N.  O. 


INDIRECT  LIGHTING 


Page  Twenty-Three 


Class  C  Installations — Ceiling  Outlets 

HOTELS  AND  CLUBS 


More  new  and  novel  ideas  have  been  worked  out  in 
connection  with  the  illumination  of  the  lobbies,  dining 
rooms,  ball  rooms,  and  lodge  rooms  of  hotels  by  indirect 
methods,  than  for  any  other  class  of  interiors.  Specially 
designed  ceiling  fixtures,  floor  pedestals  and  urns,  floor 
and  table  lamps,  cornices  and  brackets,  all  have  found 
application.  Pages  29,  31,  32  and  Plates  Nos.  4  and  5 
show  a  number  of  examples. 

Beverly  Hills  Hotel 

The  indirect  fixtures  in  the  lobby  of  the  Beverly 
Hills  Hotel  are  decidedly  in  keeping  with  the  scheme 
of  decoration. 

Illumination  Calculations 

Lobby,  Beverly  Hills  Hotel 

(1)  Spacing  and  Number  of  Fixtures. 

Typical  Bay  20'  o"  x  17'  o"  Ceiling  13'  6" 
Fixtures  per  bay  1 . 

Area  of  rectangle  illuminated  from  one  fixture  20'  o" 
x  17'  o"=340  sq.  ft. 

(2)  Wattage  Required. 

(Table  12). 

1.5  x  340=510  watts. 

(3)  Number  of  Lamps  per  Fixture. 

5-100  watt. 

(4)  Type  of  Reflector  and  Length  of  Suspension. 

(Table  1  and  Chart  1). 

E-100  Reflector. 

42"  from  top  of  reflector  to  ceiling. 


Lakota  Hotel,  Chicago,  III.  W.  W.  Clay,  Architect 

Lakota  Hotel 

Installation  Data 

Dining  Room 

Typical  bay  19'  o"  x  19'  6"  Ceiling  14'  o" 

Number  of  fixtures  1  Lamps  per  fixture  3- 150  watt 

Type  of  reflector  E-150  Length  of  suspension  48" 


Table  12.  Watts  per  Sq.  Ft.  for  Hotels  and  Clubs 


Ball  Room . 1.00 — 1.25 

Buffet  1.25—1.75 

Corridor . 0.50 — 1 .00 

Dining  Room . 0.75 — 1.25 

Lobby . 1.25 — 1.50 

Lodge  Room . 1.00 — 1.25 

LounginglRoom . 0.75 — 1.25 


These  values  apply  to  the  use  of  light  ceilings,  (white,  cream  or 
light  ivory)  high  efficiency  X-RAY  EYE  COMFORT  reflectors,  and 
clear  bulb  tungsten  lamps.  They  cover  a  permissible  decrease  in 
illumination  of  25  per  cent,  due  to  dust  accumulation,  etc. 


Beverly  Hills  Hotel,  Beverly  Hills,  Cal. 

Elmer  Grey,  Architect,  Los  Angeles 

Deutscher  Club 

The  ball  room  of  the  Deutscher  Club,  illustrates 
what  beautiful  effects  may  be  obtained  by  properly 
combining  the  artistic  and  engineering  features  involved 
in  the  solution  of  lighting  problems.  In  addition  to  the 
central  fixtures,  auxiliary  lighting  for  scenic  effects  is 
obtained  from  the  indirect  brackets  installed  on  the 
pilasters. 

These  are  each  equipped  with  one  Visor  reflector 
and  one  150-watt  lamp,  (see  page  32  for  similar  detail). 
Colored  glass  screens,  are  provided  for  obtaining  numer¬ 
ous  novel  lighting  effects  during  the  progress  of  a  ball 
or  banquet. 

If,  for  instance,  a  soft  and  subdued  moonlight  effect 
is  desired,  amber  glass  screens  are  placed  over  the  pilas¬ 
ter  units,  and  the  central  fixtures  extinguished. 


Installation  Data 

Ball  Room 


Size  60'  o"  x  90'  o" 
Number  of  fixtures  3 
Type  of  reflector  E-500 


Ceiling  34'  o" 

Lamps  per  fixture  3-500  watt 
Length  of  suspension  60" 


Deutscher  Club,  Milwaukee,  Wis. 


Page  Twenty-Four 


INDIRECT  LIGHTING 


Class  C  Installations — Ceiling  Outlets 

HOSPITALS 


Milwaukee  Hospital,  Milwaukee,  Wis. 

Meyer  J.  Sturm,  Hospital  Architect,  Chicago,  III. 

A  patient  lying  on  his  back  in  a  hospital  is  at  the 
lowest  ebb  of  his  vitality.  Nothing  will  cause  him  more 
annoyance,  pain,  and  nervous  strain  than  to  be  com¬ 
pelled  to  gaze  at  a  brilliant  light  source.  Hence  the 
advent  of  indirect  lighting  was  welcomed  heartily  by 
hospital  managements  and  today  it  is  considered  a 
most  essential  part  of  the  standard  hospital  equipment. 

For  Ward  lighting  it  has  proved  very  satisfactory 
to  control  each  fixture  by  an  electrolier  switch  at  the 
fixture  or  by  a  suitable  switch  on  the  wall,  arranged  to 
give  at  least  two  intensities  of  illumination  and  in  some 
cases  three: 

(1)  A  low  intensity  to  enable  the  nurses  to  wait  on 
the  patients  at  night.  (0.25-0.5  watts  per  sq.  ft.) 

(2)  A  medium  intensity  for  reading,  etc.  (o. 5-1.0 
watts  per  sq.  ft.) 

(3)  A  high  intensity  for  medical  examinations  at 
the  beds.  (1. 0-1.5  watts  per  sq.  ft.) 

Frequently  (3)  is  omitted  and  wall  plugs  be¬ 
tween  the  beds  provided. 

Isolation  Hospital 

Illumination  Calculations 

T ypical  Ward 

(1)  Spacing  and  Number  of  Fixtures. 

Size  of  room  33'  6"  x  74'  o"  Ceiling  15'  o". 

Number  of  fixtures  7. 

Area  illuminated  from  one  fixture  (33'  6"  x  10'  7/,)  = 
356  sq.  ft. 


Harper  Hospital,  Detroit,  Mich. 

Malcolm  V.  Higginbotham,  Architect 

(2)  Wattage  Required. 

( Table  13). 

1-25  x  356=445  watts. 

(3)  Number  of  Lamps  per  Fixture. 

4-100  watts  and  1-60  watt. 

Each  fixture  is  controlled  by  an  electrolier  switch 
which  gives  60  watts  for  dim,  360  watts  for  medium, 
and  460  watts  for  bright  illumination. 

(4)  Type  of  Reflector  and  Length  of  Suspension. 

( Table  1  and  Chart  No.  1). 

E-100  reflector. 

50"  from  top  of  reflector  to  ceiling. 

Milwaukee  Hospital 

Private  Room  ( Surgical  Wing) 

Size  14'  6"  x  16'  6"  Ceiling  11'  6" 

Number  of  fixtures  1  Lamps  per  fixture  4-40  watt 

Type  of  reflector  E-60  Length  of  suspension  48" 

Table  13.  Watts  per  Sq.  Ft.  for  Hospitals 

Corridor . 0.25 

Operating  Rooms,  (See  Class  B — Page  18) 

Ward 

Dim  (night  light) . 0.25 — 0.5 

Medium  (reading) . 0.50 — 1.0 

Bright  (medical  examinations) . 1.00 — 1.5 

These  values  apply  to  the  use  of  light  ceilings  {white,  cream  or 
light  ivory),  high  efficiency  X-RAY  EYE  COMFORT  reflector,  and 
clear  bulb  tungsten  lamps.  They  cover  a  permissible  decrease  in  illumi¬ 
nation  of  25  per  cent,  due  to  dust  accumulation,  etc. 


Chas.E.  Malig,  Architect 


Harper  Hospital,  Detroit,  Mich. 


Isolation  Hospital,  Milwaukee,  Wis. 


INDIRECT  LIGHTING 


Page  Twenty -Five 


Class  C  Installations — Ceiling  Outlets 

RAILWAY  STATIONS 


Chicago,  Indianapolis  &  Louisville  R.  R.,  Hammond,  Ind. 
Marshall  &  Fox,  Architects,  Chicago 


The  new  Union  station  at  Memphis  which  is  illumi¬ 
nated  with  indirect  lighting  shows  the  growing  tendency 
on  the  part  of  the  railroads  to  add  to  the  comforts  of 
the  traveling  public. 

A  number  of  railroads  have  made  indirect  lighting 
part  of  the  standard  equipment  of  station  waiting 
rooms,  ticket  offices,  etc.  Some  roads  have  had  standard 
fixtures  made  up  with  their  monogram  or  trade  marks 
incorporated  in  the  design  of  the  bowl.  For  instance  the 
Canadian  Northern  R.  R.,  has  adopted  the  fixture 
shown  in  the  illustration  of  the  Winnipeg  ticket  office, 
as  the  standard  fixture  for  all  the  offices  of  the  entire 
system. 

Chicago,  Indianapolis  &  Louisville  R.  R. 

Illumination  Calculations 

Station  Waiting  Room 

(i)  Spacing  and  Number  of  Fixtures. 

Size  55'  o"  x  20'  o"  Ceiling  18'  o". 

Number  of  fixtures  3. 

Area  illuminated  from  one  fixture  366  sq.  ft. 


The  Central  Station,  Memphis,  Tenn. 


Canadian  Northern  R.  R.,  Winnipeg,  Can. 


D.  II.  Burnham  &  Co.,  Architects,  Chicago 

(2)  Wattage  Required. 

{Table  14). 

1.3  x  366=476  watts. 

(3)  Number  of  Lamps  per  Fixture. 

5-100  watt. 

(4)  Type  of  Reflector  and  Length  of  Suspension. 

{Table  1  and  Chart  No.  1). 

E-xoo  reflector. 

60"  from  top  of  reflector  to  ceiling. 

Table  14.  Watts  Per  Sq.  Ft.  for  Railway  Stations 
Main  Waiting  Room  1.25 — 1.75 

Ticket  Office  {See  Class  A — Installations)  1.25 — 1.50 

Ladies’ Retiring  Room  0.75 — 1.25 

Smoking  Room  0.75 — 1.25 

Barber  Shop  {See  Class  A — Installations )  1.00 — 1.25 

Dining  Room  0.75 — 1.25 

These  values  apply  to  the  use  of  light  ceilings  {white,  cream  or 
light  ivory),  high  efficiency  X-RA  Y  E  YE  COMFORT  reflectors, 
and  clear  bulb  tungsten  lamps.  They  cover  a  permissible  decrease  in 
illumination  of  25  per  cent,  due  to  dust  accumulation,  etc. 


P age  Twenty-Six 


INDIRECT  LIGHTING 


Class  C  Installations — Ceiling  Outlets 

RESIDENCES 


In  view  of  the  fact  that  the  eyesight  is  the  faculty 
which  most  often  and  most  markedly  declines  with 
advancing  years,  the  illumination  of  the  home  should 
receive  the  careful  attention  of  the  householder.  In  the 
evening,  when  after  a  day’s  activity  the  eyes  are  tired, 
a  soft,  diffuse  and  restful  illumination  is  most  gratifying. 


Dining  Room 


Size  16'  o"  x  19'  6" 
Number  of  fixtures  1 
Type  of  reflector  E-60 


Ceiling  9'  6" 

Lamps  per  fixture  4-60  watt 
Length  of  suspension  27" 


Size  14'  o"  x  16'  o" 
Number  of  fixtures  1 
Type  of  reflector  E-100 


Bed  Room 

Ceiling  9'  o" 

Lamps  per  fixture  1-60  watt 
Length  of  suspension  20" 


Table  15.  Watts  per  Sq.  Ft.  for  Residences 


Living  Room 
Reception  Room 
Sun  Parlor 
Dining  Room 
Bath  Room 
Library 


0.75—1.00 

0.75—1.00 

0.75—1.00 

0.50—0.75 

0.25—0.50 

0.75—1.00 


Den 

Music  Room 
Bed  Room 
Hall 
Porch 


0.75—1.00 

0.50—0.75 

0.25—0.50 

0.25 

0.25—0.75 


Children’sPlayR’m0.50 — 0.75 


These  values  apply  to  the  use  of  light  ceilings  (white,  cream  or 
light  ivory),  high  efficiency  X-RAY  EYE  COMFORT  reflectors,  and 
clear  bulb  tungsten  lamps.  They  cover  a  permissible  decrease  in  il¬ 
lumination  of  25  per  cent,  due  to  dust  accumulation,  etc. 


Living  Room 

Size  12'  o"  x  15'  o"  Ceiling  9'  o" 

Number  of  fixtures  1  Lps.  per  fix.  (2-60  wt.  1-25  wt.) 

Type  of  reflector  E-60  Length  of  suspension  30" 


Dining  Room 

(Luminous  Bowl  Fixture) 

Size  12'  o"  x  14'  o"  Ceiling  9'  o" 

Number  of  fixtures  1  Lamps  per  fixture  3-40  watt 

Type  of  reflector  E-60  Length  of  suspension  30" 


Porch 

Size  8'  o"  x  32'  o"  Ceiling  9'  6" 

Number  of  fixtures  1  Lamps  per  fixture  1-100  watt 

Type  of  reflector  E-100  Length  of  suspension  20" 


INDIRECT  LIGHTING 


Page  Twenty-Seven 


Class  C  Installations — Ceiling  Outlets 


THEATRES 

(See  Plate  No.  7) 


The  theatre  of  former  days  was  “much  lighted” 
with  its  myriads  of  bare  lamps  outlining  the  procenium 
arch,  the  balcony,  the  ceiling  beams,  etc.,  but  it  takes 
quite  a  stretch  of  imagination  to  say  it  was  “well 
lighted.”  Today  the  tendency  is  to  do  away  with  all 
this  garish  display,  and  provide  a  moderate  and  com¬ 
fortable  illumination. 

Indirect  lighting  equipment  meets  the  demand  for 
ornamental  fixtures,  and  provides  the  means  of  dis¬ 
playing  the  interior  decorations  of  the  ceiling  and  walls 
to  the  best  advantage,  as  well  as  giving  a  comfortable, 
well  diffused  illumination,  as  illustrated  by  the  accom¬ 
panying  views  of  a  theatre  in  England. 

The  need  of  illuminating  a  moving  picture  theatre 
during  the  time  the  pictures  are  shown  is  recognized 
as  a  prime  requisite.  In  many  localities  the  law  re¬ 
quires  it.  Aside  from  this  consideration,  however, 
proper  illumination  of  the  picture  theatre  adds  to  its 
attractiveness,  removes  the  gloom  of  a  dark  house,  re¬ 
duces  panic  dangers,  and  without  question  increases 
attendance. 

Indirect  lighting  is  exactly  suited  to  the  purpose. 
The  house  may  be  illuminated  to  a  moderate  intensity, 
and  the  pictures  shown  just  as  well  as  in  complete  dark¬ 
ness.  There  are  no  bright  lights  to  distract  attention 
from  the  pictures,  and  cause  the  patrons  discomfort. 


Holderness  Theatre ,  Pdull,  England 
Installation  made  by  British  Thomson-  Houston  Co.,  Ltd., 
London,  England 


Holderness  Theatre 


Plan 


Table  16.  Watts  per  Sq.  Ft.  for  Theatres 

Auditorium  1.00 — 1.50  Ladies’  Retiring  Room  0.75 — 1.25 

Box  Office  1.00 — 1.25  Lobby  1.50—2.50 

Foyer  1.00 — 1.50  Smoking  Room  0.75 — 1.25 


Moving  Picture  Theatre 

Dim  illumination  while  pictures  are  shown*  0.20 

Bright  illumination  during  intermission  0.75 — 1.25 


These  values  apply  to  the  use  of  light  ceilings  (white,  cream  or 
light  ivory),  high  efficiency  X-RAY  EYE  COMFORT  reflectors,  and 
clear  bulb  tungsten  lamps.  They  cover  a  permissible  decrease  in 
illumination  of  25  per  cent,  due  to  dust  accumulation,  etc. 


*The  front  of  the  theatre  receives  ample  reflected  light  from  the  screen,  for  dim  illumination;  hence  fixtures,  within  a 
distance  of  twice  the  ceiling  height  from  the  screen,  need  not  be  wired  for  dim  lighting. 


Page  Twenty-Eight 


INDIRECT  LIGHTING 


Class  C  Installations — Floor  Outlets 


PORTABLE  ART  LAMP  EQUIPMENT 


(See  Plate  No.  9) 


Curtis  Portable  Adapters 

Pedestals  of  metal,  wood,  and  composition,  large 
vases,  heavy  candle  sticks  or  any  suitable  standards 
may  be  converted  into  beautiful  indirect  Art  lamps  by 
equipping  them  with  Curtis  Adapters  of  the  various 
types  shown  below.  Standards  for  table  lamps  should 
not  be  less  than  25  inches  high ,  floor  lamps  60  inches. 


Provision  is  made  for  the  illu¬ 
mination  of  the  silk  shade  of  all 
the  Curtis  Adapters  shown  by  pro¬ 
viding  them  with  a  white  diffusing 
plate  which  diffusely  reflects  the 
light  passing  through  the  bottom 
opening  of  the  reflector.  In  addi¬ 
tion  to  this,  one  of  the  adapters  is 
equipped  with  three  small  direct 
lamps  for  illuminating  the  shade 
when  the  indirect  illumination  is 
not  in  use. 


1-1/ 


Fig.  1  -b 


Curtis  Portable  Adapters 


p 


Craftsman  Bldg.,  New  York  City 


Illumination  calcu¬ 
lations  for  the  portable 
indirect  lamp  are  made 
similarly  to  the  method 
for  ceiling  fixtures,  ex¬ 
cept  that  for  residences 
it  is  not  so  objection¬ 
able  to  place  a  lamp 
close  to  the  wall.  If 
the  wall  is  dark  some 
light  is  wasted  on  it, 
but  this  is  not  objec¬ 
tionable  in  such  instal¬ 
lations. 


Fig.  2-b 


For  Large  Table  and  Floor  Lamps 
With  Small  Direct  Lighting  Lamps  (Fig.  1). 

This  adapter  is  shown  complete,  except  the  silk  fab¬ 
ric  for  the  shade,  in  the  detail  drawing.  It  is  equipped 
with  two  pull  switches  for  controlling  the  indirect  and 
direct  lamps  separately.  It  is  tapped  for  fastening 
to  top  of  pedestal. 

Parts 

Refl.  E-250  or  E-255  Lamps  (indirect)  150  or  250 

Refl.  Holder  and  Supports  watt 

Diffusing  Disk  (white)  Lamps  (direct)  3-10  watt 

Wire  Shade  Frame 


r  f 

£  i 
-8§ 


Fig.  3-b 


Fig.  4 -b 


Without  Direct  Lighting  Lamps 

This  adapter  is  shown  in  detail  in  the  accompanying 
drawing  in  two  sizes.  It  is  equipped  with  one  pull  switch 
and  is  tapped  for  fastening  to  top  of  pedestal. 

Parts 

Refl.  E-150,  E-250  or  E-255  Lamps  100,  150  or  250  watt 
Refl.  Holder  and  Supports  Wire  Shade  Frame 
Diffusing  Disk  (white) 

Curtis  Adapters 

For  Small  Table  and  Floor  Lamps 
Another  type  of  adapter  is  shown  in  the  accompany¬ 
ing  sketches.  It  is  constructed  so  that  it  will  slip  over 
a  standard  brass  shell  socket  in  the  vertical  position 
and  is  made  in  two  sizes.  It  is  readily  fastened  to  any 
lamp  standard  having  an  upright  socket  at  the  top. 

Parts 

Refl.  E-40,  E-100  or  E-200  Lamps  25,  40  or  100  watt 
Refl.  Holder  and  Supports  Wire  Shade  Frame 
Diffusing  Disk  (white) 


INDIRECT  LIGHTING 


Page  Twenty- Nine 


Class  C  Installations 

FLOOR  OUTLETS 


Indirect  Lighting  from  floor  outlets  has  been  ap¬ 
plied  where  novel  lighting  effects  are  desired.  The 
pedestal  urn  used  in  the  Hotel  Pontchartrain,  Grill 
Room,  is  centrally  located,  and  to  all  intents  and  pur¬ 


poses  is  merely  a  decorative  receptacle  for  flowers 
and  ferns.  Pedestals  also  find  great  favor  where 
the  ceiling  is  low,  as,  for  instance,  the  Hub,  mezzanine 
floor. 


Hyde  Park  Hotel  W.  L.  Stebbins,  Architect 


Portable  Floor  Lamps 


Size  23'  o"  X56'  o 
Number  of  Porta¬ 
bles  8 

Type  of  Reflector 
E-255 


Ceiling  12'  o" 
Lamps  per  fixture 
1-150  watt 
Top  of  reflector  to 
ceiling  6'  o" 


Hyde  Park  Tea  Room 
n 


Pedestal  Lighting 

Hotel  Pontchartrain,  Grill  Room 
Size  40'  o"  x  40'  o" 

Ceiling  17'  o" 

Number  of  pedestals  1 
Lamps  per  fixture  6-400  watt 
Type  of  reflector  E-255 
Top  of  refl.  to  ceiling  9'  6" 


Residence  Stair  Hall 


Size  9'o"x  ii'o 
Number  of  fix¬ 
tures  1 

Type  of  reflector 
E-200 


Hall 

Ceiling  height  9'  o" 
Lamps  per  fixture 
1 -100  watt 
Top  of  reflector  to 
ceiling  30" 


Newell  Post  Lighting 

Residence 
n 


Pedestal  used  in  the  Hotel  Pontchartrain, 
Detroit,  Mich.,  Geo.  D.  Mason,  Architect 


Residence  Library 

Portable  Table  Lamps 

Residence  Library 

Size  16'  o"  x  15'  o"  Ceiling  9'  6" 

Number  of  portables  1  Lampsper  fixture  i-i50watt 

Type  of  reflector  E-255  Top  of  refl.  to  ceiling  3'  6” 


The  Hub,  Mezzanine  Floor,  Chicago,  III. 

Marshall  &  Fox,  A  rchitects 

Balcony  Pedestal  Lighting 

The  Hub,  Mezzanine  Floor 
Width  12"  o'  Ceiling  9'  6" 

Pedestals  on  centers  10'  o"  Lampsper  fixture  i-isowatt 
Type  of  reflector  E-250  Top  of  refl.  to  ceiling  30" 


Page  Thirty 


INDIRECT  LIGHTING 


Class  C  Installations — Floor  Outlets 

BANK  PARTITION  LIGHTING 


Capital  State  Savings  Bank 

This  bank  is  illuminated  by  means  of  the  indirect 
units  located  in  the  boxes  as  indicated  on  the  plan  and 
section,  and  the  auxiliary  lamps  and  reflectors  placed 
above  the  skylights.  These  lamps  are  spaced  so  that 
the  skylight  is  uniformly  illuminated,  giving  the  same 
effect  as  with  indirect  lighting. 

Strictly  speaking,  banks  come  under  Class  A  installa¬ 
tions,  but  the  treatment  of  this  bank  is  of  such  a  special 
nature  that  the  logical  place  to  discuss  it  is  under  Class 
C.  The  resultant  illumination  in  this  case,  however,  is 
fully  as  diffuse  and  uniform  as  required  for  Class  A  in¬ 
stallations. 

Illumination  Calculations 

Banking  Space 

(1)  Spacing  and  Number  of  Fixtures. 

Size  of  room  32'  o"  x  50'  o"  Ceiling  26'  o" 

Total  Fixtures 

Boxes  over  cages  8 
Boxes  over  entrance  4 
Reflectors  over  skylight  16 

(2)  Wattage  Required. 

(‘ Table  4,  Page  14). 

2.0  x  1600=3200  watts. 

(3)  Number  of  Lamps  per  Fixture. 

Boxes  over  cages  2-100  watt. 

Boxes  over  entrance  1-150  watt. 

Over  skylight  1-60  watt. 

(4)  Type  of  Reflector. 

( Table  1  and  Chart  1). 

Boxes  over  cages  E-100. 

Boxes  over  entrance  E-200. 

Over  skylight  No.  555. 


Capital  State  Savings  Bank,  Chicago 
Ottenheimer,  Stern  &  Reichert,  Architects 


Detail  of  Reflector  Box 


As  will  be  noted,  the  boxes  for  the  reception  of  the 
indirect  reflectors  are  built  up  as  part  of  the  grill  of  the 
bank  cages.  The  method  of  installing  these  reflectors 
is  shown  in  detail.  The  porcelain  receptacle  (see  Plate 
12  for  complete  imformation)  has  pig-tail  terminals  for 
use  with  approved  conduit  work. 


INDIRECT  LIGHTING 


Page  Thirty-One 


Class  C  Installations — Cornice  and  Bracket  Outlets 

CORNICE  LIGHTING 

(See  Plates  Nos.  4,  12,  13.) 


Indirect  Lighting  from  cornices  is  the  oldest  form 
of  lighting  from  concealed  sources.  It  was  applied  to 
large  interiors,  in  numerous  instances,  in  the  early  days 
of  the  incandescent  lamp,  and  there  is  record  of  its  use, 
many  years  ago,  with  gas  and  even  oil  lamps. 

It  was  conceded  to  give  excellent  lighting  results, 
and  to  be  the  ideal  method  of  displaying  the  architecture 
of  an  interior  as  a  harmonious  whole,  but  the  waste  of 
light  was  enormous,  making  such  installations  very  ex¬ 
pensive  luxuries.  With  the  advent  of  the  modern  high 
efficiency  incandescent  lamps,  new  possibilities  were 


opened  up  for  illuminating  interiors  by  this  method. 

The  X-RAY  line  of  reflectors  has  been  developed 
and  extended  so  as  to  include  the  diversified  conditions 
encountered,  from  the  extremely  high  Gothic  arched 
ceiling,  to  the  low  basket  handle  arch,  and  even  the  flat 
ceiling.  (See  Plates  4,  12,  13  and  page  20). 

The  efficiency  of  cornice  installations  now  compares 
very  favorably  with  installations  using  ceiling  fixtures. 
Many  architects  are  using  it  in  churches  and  auditori¬ 
ums  where  the  addition  of  a  cornice  is  in  perfect  harmony 
with  the  style  of  architecture. 


BRACKET  LIGHTING 


Teco  Inn,  Hotel  Radisson,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 


•SHOWING,  "  HO OO  '' -REFLECTOR  lAT  PLACE. 


half  columa  detail 

SHOWIAq  BRACKETS  IN  PLACE 


Indirect  lighting,  from  brackets  and  walls  is  meeting 
with  considerable  favor,  particularly  in  interiors  with 
comparatively  low  ceilings.  Its  chief  advantage  lies  in 
the  fact  that  it  leaves  the  ceiling  clear,  and  gives  the  in¬ 


terior  a  more  “roomy”  appearance.  The  indirect  light¬ 
ing  tends  to  “raise  the  ceiling”  which  is  most  desirable 
in  low  rooms.  It  adds  a  subtle  charm  not  obtainable 
with  ceiling  fixtures. 


P age  T hir ty-Tw o 


INDIRECT  LIGHTING 


Class  C  Installations — Bracket  Outlets 


BRACKET  LIGHTING 

( Continued ) 


McLaughlin  Cafe,  Milwaukee,  Wis. 


McLaughlin  Cafe 

Installation  Data 

Size  84'  o"  x  3 2'  o"  Ceiling  16'  o" 

Number  of  brackets  18  Lamps  per  bracket  1 -150  watt 

Type  of  reflector  Visor  Top  of  refl.  to  ceiling  4'  o" 


Showing  bracket  in  place  . 


INDIRECT  CANDELABRA  BRACKETS 


In  many  interiors,  especially,  residences,  hotels  and 
clubs,  etc.,  it  is  desirable  to  add  a  touch  of  refinement 
and  cheerfulness,  by  the  use  of  ornamental  and  decora¬ 
tive  indirect  candelabra  brackets. 

Since  their  function  is  chiefly  ornamental  it  is  ad¬ 
visable  to  use  small  size  lamps.  The  brackets  illustrated 
are  designed  for  use  with  10  or  15-watt  tungsten  lamps. 


Fig.  2 


The  small  adapter  illustrated  in  figure  1  is  very 
similar  to  the  Curtis  adapters  for  indirect  art  lamps. 


Fig.  3 


The  silk  shade  indicated  by  the  dotted  lines  in  Fig.  1 
is  softly  illuminated  by  the  small  amount  of  light  which 
comes  through  the  opening  in  the  bottom  of  the  reflector. 
This  light  is  reflected  against  the  inner  surface  of  the 
shade  by  the  white  diffusing  plate. 

The  direct  light  candelabra  bracket  may  be  con¬ 
verted  into  an  indirect  bracket  by  simply  adding  the 
small  adapter,  as  shown  in  figure  2  and  the  miniature 
silk  shades,  figure  3. 

By  the  use  of  this  same  small  reflector,  or  one  of 
the  larger  ones,  wall  brackets  may  be  designed  of  metal 
or  compone,  which  resemble  the  ancient  Flambeau  in 
appearance. 


DIRECT  LIGHTING 


P age  T hi r ty -T hr e e 


Table  of  Contents 

Page 

INDIRECT  LIGHTING  (See  Index-Pages) . 1-32 

SHOW  WINDOW  LIGHTING  (See  Index— Page  45) . 45—49 

SHOW  AND  WALL  CASE  LIGHTING .  50 

MISCELLANEOUS  DATA .  51 

Direct  Lighting  Index 

Direct  Lighting  Methods .  35 

Equipment 

Direct  Lighting  Reflectors  described  and  classified .  35 

Specifications,  for  Fixtures  and  Reflectors .  35 

Fixtures  for  Direct  Lighting .  36 

Shade  Holders .  37 

Planning  the  Lighting  Equipment 

Illumination  Calculations 

A  simple  method  for  the  selection  of  number  and  type  of  reflector.  .  .  37 

Shops,  Factories  and  Work  Rooms .  38 

Printing  Shops .  39 

Gymnasiums  and  Swimming  Pools .  40 

Garages .  41 

Power  Plants .  41 

Stores  and  Display  Rooms .  42 

Carpet  and  Rug  Sample  Displays .  42 

Black  Boards,  Quotation  Boards,  Etc .  42 

Skylight  Illumination .  43 

Billiard  and  Pool  Tables .  44 

Bowling  Alleys .  44 


/ 


Patten  Cymnasiurn 

Northwestern  University 
Evanston  ,  I U. 

Goo.VV.  Maher-  Architect 
Chicago 


H 

f 

I 


First  A.E.Church 
Evanston  ,  111. 
Tallmaot^e  &  Watson 

Architects 

Ck;c^° 


Ford  Motor  Co.  -  Chicago 

John  Graham -Architect 
Seattle  (Wash. 


187  th  Street  OubStation 

United  Electric  Li jkt  Power  Co 
New  Ijork 


Havana-Arnencan  Tobacco  Co 
Chi  caio 

Geo.C  .Nimmons- Architect 


DIRECT  LIGHTING 


Page  Thirty-Five 


X-RAY  DIRECT  LIGHTING 


The  principle  of  concealed  lamps  and  diminished 
glare  is  correct,  whether  the  lighting  is  by  direct  or  in¬ 
direct  methods.  This  principle  is  carried  out  in  the 
X-RAY  reflector  equipment  for  direct  lighting.  The 
reflector  is  designed  to  prac¬ 
tically  hide  from  view  the 
brilliant  filament  of  the  lamp. 

Whether  the  reflectors  are 
placed  near  the  work  or  sus¬ 
pended  on  the  ceiling  above, 
the  same  protection  to  the 
eye  is  afforded. 

Generally  speaking,  for  commercial  and  industrial 
purposes  two  classes  of  direct  lighting  are  resorted  to, 
the  general  system  and  the  localized  system.  In  the  one 
case  the  lamps  are  mounted  at  or  near  the  ceiling,  giving 
a  uniform  lighting  throughout  the  room;  in  the  other 
case,  individual  lamps  on  drop  cords  or  brackets  cause 
a  strong  light  to  fall  upon  the  work  leaving  the  rest  of 
the  room  in  comparative  darkness.  Since  there  are  few 
instances  in  which  local  lighting  is  necessary,  the  gen¬ 
eral  over-head  system  will  fulfill  economically  most  of 
the  requirements  of  good  lighting. 

Of  the  many  advantages  of  the  over-head  system, 
the  following  are  probably  the  most  manifest: 

It  makes  available  for  working  purposes 
every  square  foot  of  floor  space. 

It  insures  against  accident,  because  there  are 
no  dark  corners  or  dense  shadows. 

It  gives  a  cheerful  appearance  to  the  room, 
since  the  whole  area  is  uniformly  lighted. 

The  room  with  the  absence  of  drop  cords 
presents  a  very  clean-cut  appearance,  and  in 
many  cases  permits  an  unobstructed  view 
from  one  end  of  the  room  to  the  other. 


No.  765,  The  Beehive  No.  565  No.  555 


Reflectors 

The  X-RAY  direct  lighting  reflectors  are  especially 
designed  to  fulfill  the  requirements  of  good  lighting. 
They  are  of  one-piece  tough  blown  silvered  glass.  They 
have  a  wide  adaptability  and  can  be  used  in  practically 
all  places  where  indoor  direct  lighting  is  required. 
Their  special  points  of  advantage  are: 

Highest  known  efficiency, 

Permanency, 

Ease  of  maintenance, 

Scientific  design. 

Because  these  are  the  most  efficient  reflectors  avail¬ 
able,  the  highest  economy  in  supplying  illumination 
may  be  obtained  by  their  use. 

A  remarkable  feature  of  the  X-RAY  reflector  is, 
that  it  retains  its  original  brightness  and  efficiency  in¬ 
definitely.  This  results  from  the  special  processes  that 
are  used  in  the  manufacture  of  these  reflectors. 


A  marked  advantage  of  the  X-RAY  reflector  from 
the  standpoint  of  up-keep,  is  the  ease  with  which  it  may 
be  cleaned.  The  fire-glazed  finish  allows  the  dust  to  be 
easily  removed  by  merely  wiping  out  the  inside  surface 
of  the  reflector  with  a  dry  cloth. 

All  X-RAY  reflectors  are  carefully  designed  to  hide 
the  lamp  and  to  control  and  direct  the  light  at  the  most 
useful  angles. 

The  X-RAY  reflectors  available  for  direct  lighting 
in  commercial  and  industrial  buildings,  are  illustrated 
on  this  page. 


Table  17.  X-Ray  Reflectors 

Classified  According  to  Lamp  Size  and  Light  Distribution 


Refl. 

No. 

Dia. 

Height 

Holder 

Type  of  Refl. 

Lamp 

Size-Watts 

555 

6§" 

5i" 

O-2J" 

Distributing 

25 — 40 — 60 

565 

78" 

7h" 

H-2i" 

Distributing 

100 

696 

8" 

5" 

0-2 1" 

Concentrating 

25 — 40 — 60 

700 

10" 

5h" 

H-2i" 

Semi-Concen. 

100 

710 

ill" 

6f" 

0-2  i" 

Concentrating 

100 

765 

10F' 

ill" 

A-3i" 

Distributing 

150—250 

Specifications 

Direct  Lighting  Fixtures 

NOTE: — The  following  is  a  sample  specification 
for  direct  lighting  fixtures: 

Fixtures. 

All  fixtures  must  be  constructed  of  the  material  and 
finished  as  specified  in  the  accompanying  schedule  of 
fixtures.  Each  fixture  must  be  equipped  with  the  type 
of  X-RAY  reflector,  and  shade  holder  specified,  and 
must  be  constructed  in  accordance  with  all  rules  and 
requirements  of  the  National  Board  of  Fire  Under¬ 
writers. 

Reflectors. 

The  reflectors  to  be  furnished  must  be  X-RAY  one- 
piece  tough  blown  silvered  glass  reflectors  of  the  types 
and  sizes  specified. 

Holders. 

The  reflector  holders  to  be  furnished  must  be  the 
type  and  size  specified,  and  must  be  of  standard  dimen¬ 
sions  approved  by  the  architect. 


No.  696  No.  700  No.  710 


Schedule  of  Fixtures 

Direct  Lighting 


Ceiling 

Height 

Feet 

FIXTURE 

ROOM 

No. 

Req’d. 

Type 

No. 

Finish 

Lamp 

Watts 

Refl. 

Length  of 
Suspension 
*  * 

Mach.  Shop . 

15 

20 

21 

Zinc 

Plated 

100 

565 

36" 

All  lamps  specified  must  be  clear  bulb  tungsten  having  a  voltage 
rating  corresponding  to  the  voltage  of  the  circuit  on  which  they 
are  to  be  used. 

**The  length  of  suspension  is  the  distance  from  the  bottom 
of  the  reflector  to  the  ceiling. 


Page  Thirty-Six 


DIRECT  LIGHTING 


DIRECT  LIGHTING  FIXTURES 


Direct  lighting  fixtures  embodying 
X-RAY  reflectors  may  be  made  up  in 
pleasing  and  ornamental  designs  in  con¬ 
formity  with  the  architectural  features  of 
the  interior.  In  such  interiors  as  stores 
and  display  rooms,  churches,  assembly 
halls,  etc.,  it  is  often  desirable  to  install 
attractive  fixtures. 

The  decorative  fixture  No.  14  of  spun 
brass,  covers  the  BEEHIVE  reflector  No. 

765.  This  fixture  is  wYi"  in 
diameter,  16"  high  and  can  be  used 
to  advantage  in  store  lighting.  (See 
Page  42). 

The  design  No.  13  also  incases  the  BEE¬ 
HIVE  reflector,  and  is  constructed  of 
leaded  art  glass  with  wood  rim  and  socket 
block.  A  glass  bottom  or  diffusing  plate 
can  be  placed  in  the  lower  rim  of  the  fixture. 
No.  13  Size:  14 Y"  diameter  and  i6j4"  high. 


No.  14 


The  application  of  lantern  No.  15 
is  shown  on  Plate  No.  23.  This 
gothic  design  is  especially  suitable  for 
church  lighting.  It  is  36"  in  diameter 
and  is  constructed  to  accommodate 
three  No.  765  X-RAY  reflectors,  in 
addition  to  three  small  lamps  for  the 
illumination  of  the  glass  sides  and 
bottom. 

The  types  in  wood,  art  glass  and  metal  here  illus¬ 
trated,  suggest  the  unlimited  possibilities  in  the  design 
of  direct  lighting  fixtures  for  interiors  which  are  not 
adapted  to  indirect  lighting,  but  in  which  it  is  highly 
important  to  apply  the  principle  of  lighting  from  concealed 
sources. 

A  box  type  fixture  like  No.  18 
with  reflector  No.  696,  is  easily 
installed  at  the  ceiling  in  stores, 
under  balconies,  etc.  This  box  is 
10%"  x  10 W  and  8"  deep. 

No.  18 


No.  15 


A  SINGLE  UNIT  CEILING  FIXTURE 
Inexpensive,  Flexible,  Easily  Installed 


An  excellent  type  of  canopy 
fixture  which  can  be  used  with 
any  of  the  X-RAY  direct  light¬ 
ing  reflectors,  is  here  illustrated. 
The  unit  is  arranged  with  a  strap 
for  attaching  to  the  lugs  of  a 
standard  outlet  box  or  to  a  fix¬ 
ture  stud  and  is  especially  de¬ 
sirable  for  installations  in  shops, 
factories,  workrooms,  stores,  ga¬ 
rages,  printing  plants,  power 
plants,  kitchens,  laundries,  etc. 
It  is  approved  and  can  be  used 
without  an  insulating  joint. 

Switch  Attachment 

A  unique  and  very  desirable  feature  of  this  fixture  is 
the  switch  and  lever  arm  attachment  which  enables  the 
individual  unit  to  be  con¬ 
trolled  independently  of 
the  other  units  on  the  cir¬ 
cuit.  The  fixture  can  be 
obtained  with  or  without 
the  switch  attachment. 

Parts  Interchangeable 

The  interchangeability  of 
parts  makes  it  possible  to 
use  with  the  fixture  any  of 
the  types  of  holders  shown, 
thus  covering  all  ordinary 
requirements  as  to  lamp 

size,  st}  le  of  reflector,  and  sketch  indicating  the  method  of 
height  of  suspension.  installing  the  fixture 


Part  No.  1 0100  is  a  Form 
“0” — shade  holder. 

No.  10127  shows  the 
Form  “H” — 2%"  shade 
holder. 

No.  10128  is  a  Form  “A” 

— 3 %"  shade  holder. 

These  holders  conform 
with  the  standards  given 
on  page  37  and  are  to  be 
used  as  suggested  in  table 
No.  17,  Page  35. 

When  it  is  desired  to  sus¬ 
pend  the  reflector  down  a 
distance  from  the  ceiling, 
the  cap  No.  10129,  with 
center  bushed  opening  is 
used  in  place  of  the  holders 
described  above.  In  this 
case  receptacle  No.  8117 
is  not  used.  The  reflector 
is  attached  by  a  standard 
shade  holder  to  a  brass 
shell  socket  at  the  end  of 
the  drop  cord. 

Attachment  No.  10130  can  be  employed  in  suspend¬ 
ing  EYE  COMFORT  Lighting  fixtures.  The  slotted 
holes  in  this  fitting  take  the  chains  which  support  the 
bowl  of  the  fixture. 

Finishes 

The  fixture  can  be  given  a  variety  of  finishes.  For 
factory  installations  a  zinc  plate  or  sheradized  finish 
is  satisfactory.  For  stores,  kitchens,  etc.,  the  unit  will 
present  a  good  appearance  finished  in  aluminum  bronze. 


No. 

10130 

No. 

10129 


XX7 


No. 


I 

l 

- c 

j - ^0 

No. 

10127 


No. 

10128 


DIRECT  LIGHTING 


Page  Thirty-Seven 


PLANNING  THE  LIGHTING  EQUIPMENT 


Shade  Holders 

To  avoid  trouble  in  installing  reflectors,  and  to  insure  that  the 
lamp  is  held  in  the  proper  position  in  the  reflector,  follow  the  sug¬ 
gestions  given  below. 

X-RAY  reflectors  are  made  with  necks  of  standard  sizes. 
Regular  stock  shade  holders  can  be  used.  The  types  mentioned  will 
fit  the  various  kinds  of  brass  shell  sockets  and  conduit  fittings,  and 
are  carried  by  electrical  dealers  and  jobbers. 

Where  porcelain  receptacles  are  used,  care  should  be  taken  to 
procure  porcelains  with  the  shade  holder  groove. 


Shade  Holder  Positions 

The  correct  relations  of  reflector  and  shade  holder  are  shown 
by  these  figures. 

Note  that  Form  “O,”  2j"  is  a  low  or  flat  holder  maintaining  a 
dimension  of  about  i"  front  center  of  shade  holder  screws  to  the 
point  of  contact  of  the  lamp  base.  Form  “H,”  2j"  and  form  “A,” 
3j"  are  deeper  holders,  maintaining  a  corresponding  dimension  of 
about  i[|". 

Figures  2  and  3  show  the  adaptation  of  holders  to  brass  shell 
and  porcelain  sockets  respectively. 

The  holders  listed  below  meet  the  adopted  standards  for 
X-RAY  reflectors  for  Direct  and  Show  Window  lighting. 

When  Form  “O”  Holder  is  required 
For  Brass  shell  sockets,  the  following  may  be  used: 

Hubbell  234"  No.  5339*  Pass  &  Seymour,  234"  No.  28. 

Holophane  2  34 "  “O”.  Plume  &  Atwood,  234"  No.  1264. 

Bryant,  2 34"  No.  440. 

For  Porcelain  sockets,  used  with  Condulets,  Unilets,  etc.: 

Appleton  2 34"  No.  7321.  Crouse-Hinds  234"  No.  NRS. 

When  Form  “H”  Holder  is  required 
For  Brass  shell  sockets,  the  following  may  be  used: 

Bryant  2 34"  No.  441.  Holophane  234"  “H”. 

Plume  &  Atwood  234"  No.  2525. 

For  Porcelain  sockets,  used  with  Condulets,  Unilets,  etc.: 

Appleton  234"  No.  7322.  Crouse-Hinds  234"  NRH. 

When  Form  “A”  Holder  is  required 
For  Brass  shell  sockets,  use: 

Holophane  334"  “A”. 

For  Porcelain  sockets,  used  with  Condulets,  Unilets,  etc.: 

Appleton  334"  No.  7323- 


Illumination  Calculations 

A  simple  method  of  calculating  illumination  with  X-RAY 
direct  lighting  reflectors  is  as  follows: 

Selection  of  Unit  Area 

Select  a  typical  bay  or  area  which  may  be  considered  as  the 
unit  area  for  purposes  of  lighting  calculations.  This  area  in  most 
cases  will  be  one  of  the  squares  into  which  the  building  is  naturally 
divided  architecturally  by  columns,  posts,  ceiling  beams,  etc. 

Wattage  Required 

The  amount  of  wattage  required  to  properly  illuminate  this 
area  will  depend  upon  the  character  of  work  done  under  the  light, 
or  the  use  to  which  the  room  or  building  is  to  be  put. 

The  values  of  watts  per  square  foot  for  various  classes  of  ser¬ 
vice,  are  to  be  found  in  Table  18.  By  multiplying  these  values  by 
the  number  of  square  feet  in  the  unit  area,  a  total  wattage  for  that 
area  may  be  derived. 

Number  of  Lamps 

This  value  of  total  wattage  determines  the  number  of  lamps  of 
any  given  size  to  be  used  for  the  unit  area. 

Spacing  of  Units 

The  spacing  and  height  of  suspension  of  the  lighting  units  will 
depend  upon  the  degree  of  diffusion  and  uniformity  of  illumination 
desired.  The  closer  the  units  are  together  the  less  intense  will  be 
the  shadows  and  the  more  uniform  will  be  the  lighting  result 

Hanging  Height 

Chart  No.  2  at  the  bottom  of  the  page  shows,  for  various  sus¬ 
pension  heights,  the  maximum  size  of  square  which  can  be  uni¬ 
formly  illuminated  from  a  single  lighting  unit. 

It  is  seen  from  Chart  No.  2  that  for  distributing  reflectors  the 
lamps  should  be  spaced  about  1.5  times  the  height  at  which  they  are 
suspended  above  the  plane  of  illumination.  For  typical  examples  of 
spacing  and  hanging  refer  to  plates  Nos.  20,  21  and  24  and  to  pages 
38,  39,  40  and  41. 

Selection  of  Reflector 

The  selection  of  the  proper  reflector  for  a  given  condition  is 
governed  largely  by  the  size  of  the  area  over  which  the  light  is  to 
be  distributed  by  each  lamp  and  reflector.  If  this  area  is  compara¬ 
tively  large  as  in  cases  where  general  illumination  is  required  the 
distributing  or  BEEHIVE  types  of  reflectors  should  be  used. 
When  the  area  to  be  lighted  is  small  and  requires  a  strong  illumina¬ 
tion  the  concentrating  reflectors  are  best  adapted. 

A  Typical  Example 

A  system  of  overhead  general  illumination  is  desired  for  a 
factory  (Calumet  Baking  Powder  Co.,  Plate  No.  24)  which  has  bays 
16'  o  Vs"  x  19'  534"  and  a  ceiling  height  of  12'  2".  Considering  this 
bay  as  the  unit  area,  then 

Floor  area  16'  o  Vs"  x  19'  5K"=3I2  sq.ft. 

Watts  per  sq.  ft.  required  (for  general  illumination  only) 
(See  table  i8)  =  .3. 

Total  watts-. 3  x  312=94  watts. 

The  total  wattage  of  94  nearly  equals  100  watts. 

Hence  one  100-watt  lamp  at  the  ceiling  per  bay  will  be  suffi¬ 
cient  for  this  installation. 

From  Chart  No.  2  for  a  height  of  12'  we  obtain  20'  as  the  size 
of  a  square  that  can  be  illuminated  from  the  center  outlet.  This 
practically  conforms  with  the  size  of  the  bays  under  consideration. 

Since  general  illumination  is  required  use  a  distributing  re¬ 
flector.  From  Table  17,  No.  565  is  the  proper  type  of  reflector  for 
the  lamp  selected. 


Table  18.  Watts  per  Sq.  Ft. 


Armory,  Auditorium  or 

Exhibition  Building 

.35— 

.45 

Operating  Table 

1.75— 

2.25 

Art  Gallery  walls 

.85— 

.95 

Pattern  Shop 

.50 — 

.60 

Auto  Show-room 

.85— 

.95 

Power  House 

.40  — 

.50 

Billiard  Tables  (See  Page  44) 

Press  Room 

.70— 

.80 

Bowling  Alley  (See  Page  44) 

Residence 

Car  Barns 

.25— 

.35 

Pantry  and  Kitchen 

.35— 

.45 

Carpenter  Shop 

.45— 

.60 

Laundry  ^ 

.25— 

.35 

Church,  (Dark  Ceilings) 

.35— 

.45 

Furnace  room  and 

Dance  Hall 

.35— 

.45 

store  room 

.10— 

.20 

Engraving  Room 

1.60— 

L.80 

Restaurant 

.35— 

.45 

Factory 

Rug  Rack,  (See  Page  42) 

General  work  with  drop 

Sewing,  Light  Goods 

.65— 

.75 

lights 

.25— 

.35 

Sewing,  Dark  Goods 

1.30  — 

1.50 

Machine  Work  no  drop 

Skating  Rink 

.35 — 

.45 

lights 

.65— 

.75 

Stable 

.15 — 

.20 

Machine  Work,  fine  work. 65 — 

.75 

Stock  Room 

.15— 

.20 

Bench  Work  localized 

.65— 

.75 

Stores 

.60— 

1.00 

Foundry 

.50— 

.60 

Swimming  Pool 

.45— 

.55 

Freight  House 

.25— 

.35 

Telephone  Exchange 

.55— 

.65 

Garage 

.35— 

.45 

Train  Shed 

.15— 

.20 

Gymnasium 

.45— 

.55 

Type  Setting 

1.30— 

1.50 

Laundry 

.35— 

.45 

Warehouse 

.25 — 

.30 

Machine  Shop  (See  Factory) 

Weaving 

.85— 

.95 

Page  Thirty-Eight 


DIRECT  LIGHTING 


SHOPS,  FACTORIES  AND  WORKROOMS 

(See  Plate  Nos.  20,  21,  24). 


Light  is  a  tool  that  is  designed  for  the  workmen;  it 
is  a  safety  appliance,  a  guard  against  accident;  it  enables 
the  worker  to  perform  his  work  more  easily  and  more 
efficiently;  it  influences  the  economy  of  production. 

The  methods  used  for  the  lighting  of  factories  and 
industrial  buildings  have  been  practically  revolutionized 
during  the  last  few  years.  The  old  drop  cord  system 
giving  an  intense  light  in  one  spot  has  been  discarded 
for  other  arrangements  which  produce  uniform  lighting 
in  all  parts  of  the  room. 

The  use  of  moderate  size  units,  arranged  to  provide 
a  uniform  intensity  over  the  entire  area  is  desired,  and 
is  preferable  to  a  smaller  number  of  high  candle  power 
units  placed  at  greater  distances  apart. 

Distributing  types  of  reflectors  are  best  adapted  for 
factory  illumination,  and  will  cover  practically  all  con¬ 
ditions. 

In  planning  the  illumination  for  factories  and  in 
selecting  the  lighting  equipment  the  following  principles 
should  be  kept  in  mind: 


Portion  of  Machine  Shop,  National  X-Ray  Reflector  Co.,  Chicago 
Francis  M.  Barton,  Architect 


(1)  Protect  the  eyes  by 
placing  the  lighting 
units  high  above 
the  work  and  by 
hiding  the  lamps. 

(2)  Provide  plenty  of 
light  for  the  class 
of  work  that  is  to 
be  done. 

(3)  See  that  light  is 
given  the  proper  di¬ 
rection  for  the  pur¬ 
pose  of  the  work¬ 
man. 

(4)  Distribute  the  units 
to  obtain  as  nearly 
uniform  illumina¬ 
tion  as  possible. 


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0 


PARTIAL  PLAN 
•5HOWIAG  TYPICAL  HAYS 

Western  Clock  Co.,  La  Salle,  III. 


Pattern  Shop,  Berlin  Machine  Works,  Beloit,  Wis. 
Perkins,  Fellows  &  Hamilton,  Architects,  Chicago,  III. 


Berlin  Machine  Works 

Pattern  Shop 


Size  50'  o"  x  1 16'  o" 
Number  of  fixtures  50 
Type  of  reflector  No.  765 
Watts  per  sq.  ft.  1.0 


Ceiling  13'  o" 

Lamps  per  fixture  1-100  watt 
Bottom  of  refl.  to  floor  12'  o" 
Reflector  centers  10'  o" 


National  X-Ray  Reflector  Co. 

Portion  of  Machine  Shop 
Typical  bay  16'  o"  x  16'  o"  Ceiling  13'  o" 

Number  of  fixtures  2  Lamps  per  fixture  1-100  watt 

Type  of  reflector  No.  765  Bottom  of  reflector  to  floor 
Watts  per  sq.  ft.  0.78  12  '  o" 

Western  Clock  Company 

See  Partial  Plan  at  , bottom  of  Page 

Typical  bay  20'  x  40'  Lamps  per  fixture  1-150  watt 
Number  of  fixtures  3  Watts  per  sq.  ft.  0.56 

Type  of  reflector  No.  765  Bottom  of  refl.  to  floor  13'  o" 


Western  Clock  Co.,  La  Salle,  III.  ( Day  Photograph) 


DIRECT  LIGHTING 


Page  Thirty- Nine 


PRINTING  SHOPS 


The  average  printing  plant  is  divided  into  a  number 
of  practically  independent  areas  where  special  kinds 
of  work  are  being  done,  and  each  of  those  areas  require 
individual  attention  when  the  lighting  is  being  planned. 


The  wattage  required,  the  type  of  reflector,  and  its 
hanging  height,  must  be  determined  for  each  individual 
outlet,  keeping  in  mind  the  nature  of  the  work  that  is 
to  be  done  under  the  artificial  light. 


Type  Setting  Department,  Butler  Bros.,  Chicago,  III. 
D.  H.  Burnham  &  Co.,  Architects 


Job  Printing  and  Composing — Saul  Bros.,  Chicago,  III. 
Borland  Mfg.  Bldg.,  Chas.  S.  Frost,  Architect 


Typesetting,  hand  composition  and  proof  reading 
are  probably  the  most  difficult  operations  in  the  printing 
plant  and  require  a  strong,  well  shaded  light.  A  local 
general  system  like  that  shown  for  Butler  Bros.,  is  best 
for  these  departments. 

A  more  general  illumination  can  be  provided  for  the 
press  room,  although  the  feed  end  of  the  press  must  have 
a  strong  light. 

Imposing  stones  require  an  intensity  as  great  as  that 
provided  for  typesetting.  A  ioo-watt  lamp  in  a  con¬ 
centrating  reflector  over  the  center  of  the  stone  is  found 
to  be  very  satisfactory. 

In  addition  to  general  illumination  for  Linotype  ma¬ 
chines,  it  is  necessary  that  a  local  light  be  used  at  the 
keyboard. 

For  small  machines  such  as  saws,  paper  cutters, 
casting  machines,  etc.,  good  general  lighting  is  all  that 
is  required. 


Color  Press  Department,  Sears  Roebuck  &  Co.,  Chicago,  III. 
Geo.  C.  Nimmons,  Architect 


Butler  Bros. 

Type  Setting  Department 

Reflectors  are  arranged  in  rows  over  the  type  cases. 
A  strong  illumination  is  required  for  the  special  conditions 
found  here. 

Typical  bay  21'  6"  x  16'  6"  Ceiling  14'  o" 

Number  of  fixtures  6  Lamps  per  fixture  i-ioowatt 

Type  of  reflector  No.  765  Bottom  of  refl.  to  floor  10' o" 
Watts  per  sq.  ft.  1.7  Refl.  centers  6'  0"  and  y'  o" 


Sears  Roebuck  &  Co. 


Color  Press  Department 


Typical  bay  16'  o"  x  20' 
Number  of  fixtures  5 
Type  of  reflector  No.  765 
Watts  per  sq.  ft.  1.55 


Ceiling  16'  o" 

Lamps  per  fixture  1  - 1 00  watt 
Bottom  of  reflector  to  floor 
12'  o" 


Saul  Bros. 

Printing  and  Composing  Room 


Typical  bay  15'  o"  x  30'  o 
Number  of  fixtures  6 
Type  of  reflector  No.  700 
Watts  per  sq.  ft.  0.8 


Ceiling  1 1'  6" 

Lamps  per  fixture  1-60  watt 
Bottom  of  reflector  to  floor 
io'  8" 


Page  Forty 


DIRECT  LIGHTING 


GYMNASIUMS  AND  SWIMMING  POOLS 

{See  Plate  No.  22) 


Gymnasium  Lighting 

Gymnasium  activities  are  largely  carried  on  by  artificial  illumina¬ 
tion,  especially  in  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.,  and  playground  park  gymnasiums 
of  the  large  cities.  The  benefits  of  the  exercise  will  therefore  be  directly 
proportional  to  the  satisfactory  character  of  the  lighting  system  em¬ 
ployed.  The  example  given  shows  good  gymnasium  lighting.  The 
general  arrangements  of  the  lighting  units  are  given  in  the  figures. 

Holstein  Gymnasium 

Size  36'  o"  x  60'  o"  Ceiling  28'  o" 

Number  of  fixtures  12  Lamps  per  fixture  1-150  watt 

Type  of  reflector  No.  765  Bottom  of  reflector  to  floor  20'  o" 

Watts  per  sq.  ft.  0.83 


SECTION 


PLAN 

Gymnasium,  Holstein  Park 


Gymnasium,  Holstein  Park,  Chicago,  III. 
Henry  Sierks,  Architect 


The  Lighting  Unit 

Reflector  with  Protecting  Wire  Guard 

The  reflectors  should  be  protected  by 
wire  guards,  against  damage  by  balls 
and  swinging  apparatus.  Guards  do 
not  affect  the  lighting  results.  The 
fastening  of  the  protectors  should  be 
independent  of  the  reflector  equipment 
as  shown  in  the  sketch. 


Swimming  Pool,  Northwestern  University,  Evanston,  III. 

Geo.  W.  Maher,  Architect,  Chicago 

Room  size  44'  o"  x  71'  o"  Ceiling  16'  o" 

Number  of  fixtures  12  Lamps  per  fixture  1-100  watt 

Type  of  reflector  No.  765  Bottom  of  reflector  to  floor  13'  o " 

The  swimming  pool  is  25'  x  6o'.  The  ceiling  under  the  balcony  is  8' 
high.  Small  auxiliary  lamps  are  used  to  light  the  glass  panels  of  the  fixtures. 


DIRECT  LIGHTING 


Page  Forty-One 


GARAGES  AND  POWER  PLANTS 


Garage,  Toronto,  Ontario 


Garages 

The  small  private  garage  for  one  car, 
as  well  as  the  large  commercial  garage, 
needs  a  carefully  planned  lighting  sys¬ 
tem.  Much  of  the  inconvenience,  de¬ 
lay  and  danger  in  making  repairs  can 
be  eliminated  by  providing  plenty  of 
well  diffused  light  in  the  garage. 

See  Plate  No.  20  for  detailed  infor¬ 
mation  regarding  the  lighting  of  service 
stations  and  commercial  garages. 

The  illustration  shows  a  garage  in 
Toronto  Canada  lighted  by  BEEHIVE 
reflectors  with  150-watt  lamps. 

Size  70'  o"  x  90'  o" 

Ceiling  15'  o" 

Number  of  reflectors  18 
Type  of  reflector  No.  765 
Lamps  per  fixture  1-150  watt 
Bottom  of  reflector  to  floor  13'  o" 


Power  Plants  and  Pumping  Stations 

It  is  necessary  in  power  plants,  pumping  stations, 
etc.,  to  provide  illumination  of  good  working  intensity 
and  to  eliminate  to  as  great  a  degree  as  possible,  shadows 
on  switch  boards,  gears,  bearings,  moving  and  adjustable 
parts,  etc.  It  is  also  of  high  importance  that  the  plant 
should  never  be  left  in  darkness,  hence  an  alternate  or 
emergency  lighting  system  is  sometimes  installed. 

The  most  satisfactory  results  are  obtained  with  the 
lamps  and  reflectors  placed  well  overhead  as  shown  by 
the  two  cases  illustrated.  The  whole  floor  area  is  then 
uniformly  lighted. 


United  Electric 
Light  &  Power 
Co. 

Transformer  and 
Rotary  Room 


Pump  Room,  Curtis  Publishing  Co.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Edgar  V.  Seeler,  Architect 


This  room  has  an  alternate  lighting  system  consisting  of  5-500  watt 
EYE  COMFORT  fixtures  which  hang  42"  from  the  ceiling.  This 
system  is  entirely  independent  of  the  direct  lighting  circuit. 


Transformer  and  Rotary  Room.  United  Electric 
Light  &  Power  Co.,  New  York  City 


Size  89'  o"  x  26'  6" 

Ceiling  31'  o" 

Number  of  fixtures  20 

Type  of  reflector  No.  765 

Lamps  per  fixture  1-100  watt 

Watts  per  sq.  ft.  .85 

Bottom  of  reflector  to  floor  28'  o" 

Curtis  Publishing  Company 

Pump  Room 

Typical  bay  20'  o"  x  20'  o" 
Ceiling  20'  o" 

Number  of  fixtures  1 
Type  of  reflector  No.  765 
Lamps  per  fixture  1-150  watt 
Bottom  of  reflector  to  floor  i8'o" 


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Partial  Plan 

United  Electric  Light  &  Power  Co. 


P  age  Forty-T wo 


DIRECT  LIGHI ING 


STORES  AND  QUOTATION  BOARDS 


Stores  and  Display  Rooms 

In  a  number  of  stores,  conditions  are 
unfavorable  to  the  use  of  the  Eye  Com¬ 
fort  Lighting  System.  The  ceiling  may 
be  of  a  dark  color,  or  heavily  beamed,  or 
broken  up  with  skylights. 

Again,  there  are  display  rooms  where 
beauty  of  the  interior  is  of  no  conse¬ 
quence.  Hardware,  Cutlery,  Under¬ 
takers’  supplies  and  sporting  goods  stores 
are  typical.  So  long  as  the  goods  are 
displayed  in  a  clear,  even  light,  at  a  min¬ 
imum  current  consumption,  the  require¬ 
ments  are  satisfied. 

The  illustration  shows  the  lighting 
effect  that  may  be  gained  by  using 
X-RAY  direct  lighting  reflectors  for 
store  and  display  room  lighting.  The 
quality  of  illumination,  intensity  and 
uniformity  are  all  that  can  be  desired. 

The  use  of  the  ornamental  fixtures 
wherein  the  BEEHIVE  reflectors  are 
contained,  adds  greatly  to  the  appear¬ 
ance  of  the  installation.  These  fixtures 
are  made  just  large  enough  to  cover  the 
X-RAY  reflectors.  (See  Page  36.) 


3ECTIQN 

Showing  open  rug  racks  and  position  of  reflectors. 


plan 


Rug  Display  Rack  —  “Scoop"  Reflectors  are 
installed  in  accordance  with  above  diagram 


Display  Room — National  Casket  Co.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Size  8o'  o"  x  25'  o"  Ceiling  12'  o" 

Number  of  fixtures  16  Lamps  per  fixture  i-ioowatt 

Type  of  reflector  No.  765  Bottom  of  reflector  to  floor 
Watts  per  sq.  ft.  .8 

Rug  and  Carpet  Displays 

The  diagram  at  the  left 
shows  a  standard  lighting  ar¬ 
rangement  for  rug  racks  and 
carpet  sample  displays,  and 
can  be  relied  upon  to  give 
satisfactory  results.  X-RAY 
SCOOP  reflectors  are  located 
4'  from  the  outer  edge  of  the 
pivoted  arms  of  the  rack. 

Sixty  watt  lamps  are  recom¬ 
mended. 

If  the  rack  is  circular  the 
lighting  units  can  also  be 
arranged  in  a  concentric  circle. 

For  cases  in  which  the  rack 
pivots  extend  in  a  row  along 
the  wall,  the  outlets  should 
be  placed  parallel  to  the  wall. 

Stock  Quotation  Boards 

An  even  illumination  is  re¬ 
quired  over  the  entire  surface 
of  the  board,  so  that  figures 
and  quotations  may  be  as 
easily  seen  at  the  bottom  of 
the  board  as  at  the  top.  Again 
the  intensity  of  illumination 
must  be  provided  sufficient 
to  enable  the  marks  on  the 
board  to  be  seen  in  any  part 
of  the  room.  The  question  of 
concealing  the  lamps  is  often 
simplified  by  building  a  false 
beam  or  apron  behind  which 
the  lighting  equipment  is 
placed.  X-RAY  SCOOPS 
are  used  with  60-watt  lamps, 
about  2'  apart. 


9'  6" 


Stock  Quotation  Board  Lighted  by  “ Scoops ” 
New  York  Life  Bldg.,  Chicago,  III. 
Mundie  &  Jensen,  Architects 


DIRECT  LIGHTING 


Page  Forty-Three 


SKYLIGHT  ILLUMINATION 


Skylight  illumination  is  without 
doubt  a  most  ideal  method  of  lighting 
because  of  its  perfect  diffusion  and 
softness.  To  be  satisfactory  this 
method  must  employ  reflectors  of  high¬ 
est  efficiency.  These  reflectors  must 
be  correctly  designed  to  spread  the 
light  evenly  over  the  glass.  Skylight 
illumination  is  especially  adapted  for 
art  galleries,  schoolrooms,  churches, 
lobbies,  etc.  See  page  14  for  bank 
illuminated  partially  by  skylight. 

Central  Trust  Company 

Private  Office 
Size  16'  o"  x  18'  o" 

Ceiling  12'  o " 

Number  of  fixtures  9 

Type  of  reflector  No.  765 

Lamps  per  fixture  1-150  watt 

Watts  per  sq.  ft.  4.7 

Distance  reflector  above  skylight  32" 

Reflector  centers  4'  5" 

The  room  is  finished  in  dark  ma¬ 
hogany,  walls  dark  green,  ceiling  is 
of  art  glass  of  green,  amber  and 
brown  patterns.  Comparatively  large 
wattage  per  square  foot  is  used,  be¬ 
cause  of  extremely  dark  conditions. 


Plan  of  Skylight,  showing  location 
of  lighting  units 


Section  Central  Trust  Co. 


Private  Office,  Central  Trust  Co.,  of  Illinois,  Chicago 
Mundie  &  Jensen,  Architects 


Hospital  Operating  Rooms 
with  Skylights 

An  excellent  system  of  diffuse  illumination 
for  hospital  operating  rooms  is  in  use  in  the 
Southern  Pacific  Hospital  of  San  Francisco. 
The  small  plan  and  section  of  the  room  show 
a  battery  of  ten  X-RAY  HELMET  reflectors 
suspended  above  a  chipped  glass  ceiling.  The 
wattage  per  square  foot  is  3.13,  which  gives 
the  required  intense  illumination  for  opera¬ 
tions.  On  page  16  is  described  the  lighting 
of  operating  rooms  by  the  EYE  COMFORT 
system . 

Glass 

A  consideration  of  the  character  of  the 
glass  employed  for  skylights  is  of  the  highest 
importance,  because  of  the  loss  that  results 
from  passing  the  light  through  this  glass. 

Below  are  given  the  value  of  watts  per  sq. 
ft.  for  office  lighting,  for  various  kinds  of 
glass.  Those  low  in  absorption  are  best 
adapted  for  skylights.  The  samples  men¬ 
tioned  are  selected  from  the  stock  of  Leo 
Popper  &  Sons. 


Table  19.  Watts  per  Sq.  Ft. 
for  Skylights 


Eupher  Green 

1.60 

Alba-Illia 

1.80 

FI.  Yellow 

1.75 

Illuminal  , 

1.65 

Cathedral  300  LL 

1.50 

Deflex  No.  1 

1.50 

Opalescent  No.  6 

1.50 

Alba  Sheet  Glass 

1.50 

20  O" 


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Chipp 

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ed  q/oss 

Southern  Pacific  Hospital 
San  Francisco 


Curve  showing  best  type  of  light  distri¬ 
bution  for  skylight  illumination  _  | 


Page  Forty-Four 


DIRECT  LIGHTING 


POOL  TABLES  AND  BOWLING  ALLEYS 


Bowling  Alley,  Town  Club,  Milwaukee,  Wis. 
Howard  Russell,  Architect 


Billiard  and  Pool  Tables 

The  arrangement  for  billiard  and  pool  table  light¬ 
ing,  as  shown  by  the  diagram  to  the  right,  indicates  a 
method  for  obtaining  practically  ideal  lighting  for  this 
class  of  service.  The  evenness  of  the  illumination  on 
the  table  is  perfect,  and  the  expenditure  for  wattage 
is  low,  since  only  four  40-watt  lamps  are  required. 

Bowling  Alleys 

In  the  lighting  of  bowling  alleys  the  important  re¬ 
quirements  are  to  supply  even  illumination  over  the 
surface  of  the  alley,  and  a  strong  light  at  the  pins.  It 
is  very  essential  also  to  conceal  the  lamps  from  view. 
This  scheme  will  eliminate  alternate  bright  and  dark 
spots  which  tend  to  give  the  alley  a  wavy  appearance 
and  are  very  annoying  to  the  players. 

The  plan  and  section  below  shows  the  location  of 
lighting  units  for  proper  bowling  alley  illumination. 
The  dimensions  given  are  for  a  standard  bowling  alley. 
Eight  X-RAY  reflectors  No.  555  with  40-watt  lamps 
should  be  placed  6'  6"  feet  above  the  alley  as  indicated. 


Billiard  Tables,  Quinn  &  Co.,  Chicago,  III. 

Reflectors  installed  in  accordance  with  the  diagram  below.  No.  555 
X-RA  Y  reflectors  on  drop  cords  are  used  over  card 
tables  in  rear  of  room 


For  the  lighting  of  the  pins  a  SCOOP  reflector  No. 
777  with  60-watt  lamp  located  5'  3"  from  the  edge  of 
the  pit  and  3'  6"  above  the  alley,  will  give  excellent 
results. 


Pit 

- i - 

*  •  X'dau  deflectors  No.dTSf)  with  -40  Wait  JCamp  \ 

Lc?unwaif 

S  vk  vk  .  ^ 

vs - 

9  •  %?ef lector  No .777  with  (BO  Watt  Lamp  ^ 

L - - - i - 1 - 

fo5-d- - *+* - JSflh - *1 


PL  AN 


SHOW  WINDOW  LIGHTING 


Page  Forty-Five 


Table  of  Contents 

Page 

INDIRECT  LIGHTING  (See  Index-Page  5) . 1-32 

DIRECT  LIGHTING  (See  Index-Page  33) . 33-44 

SHOW  AND  WALL  CASE  LIGHTING .  50 

MISCELLANEOUS  DATA .  51 

Show  Window  Lighting  Index 

General . ■ .  47 

Classification  of  Show  Windows 

Class  A .  47 

Class  B .  47 

Class  C .  47 

Class  D . .  47 

Class  E .  48 

Classification  of  Reflectors  (Table  20) .  48 

Window  Valances .  48 

Illumination  Calculations 

Selection  of  Reflectors .  48 

Spacing  of  Reflectors .  49 


Jas.iA-  CrQQry  &Co. 


N 


ewljork  Ciivj 

P  \l  \v$ 


S-tarrett  &■  VanVleck 

ArcViUe-ats 


Miller  Rhoades  CrSwarh 

Xo  r  fol  k/  ,Va. 
B.F/Ai^chell 
Arch  ©c^ 


Gtas.A.Stavons  6  Bros. 

Ch  i  c  ex  io 

D.H.DurnUam  £~Co. 

A  vcVi  e  c 


SHOW  WINDOW  LIGHTING 


Page  Forty -Seven 


EQUIPMENT 

(. See  Plate  Nos.  16,  17,  18,  19) 


Keen  competition  demands  the 
use  of  efficient  equipment.  No  mer¬ 
cantile  establishment  could  exist,  if 
the  same  ratio  of  waste,  found  to 
exist  in  the  obsolete  methods  of 
show  window  illumination  em¬ 
ployed,  were  permitted  in  all  de¬ 
partments. 


Cross  section  of  Class- A  window  showing 
distribution  of  light  from  Scoop 
with  60-watt  lamp 

X-RAY  window  reflectors  are 
designed  with  these  fundamental 
features  as  a  basis.  They  hide  the 
lamp,  and  direct  the  maximum 
light  onto  the  goods.  No  light  is 
wasted  on  the  ceiling  of  the  win¬ 
dow  or  sidewalk. 

The  X-Ray  line  covers  the  field  of 
show  window  lighting  completely. 
Each  individual  reflector  is  per¬ 
fectly  suited  to  a  certain  class  of 
windows.  Hence  it  is  vitally  impor¬ 
tant  that  the  proper  reflectors 
always  be  used. 


Scoop  installed  in  win¬ 
dow  showing  electri¬ 
cal  fittings 

The  window 
display  should  be 
brightly  illumi¬ 
nated. 

The  show  win¬ 
dow  in  reality  is 
a  stage  setting; 
hence  the  method 
of  illuminating  it 
should  be  similar 
to  the  methods 
employed  in  stage 
lighting— a  bril¬ 
liant  light  direc¬ 
ted  from  c  0  n  - 
cealed  sources. 


Visor  installed  in  win¬ 
dow  showing  electri¬ 
cal  fittings 


Classification  of  Show 
Windows 

CL  A  SS  A — Height  equal 
to  depth 

High  trim  on  back¬ 
ground.  Average  di¬ 
mensions:  height  9', 
depth  9',  height  of 
trim  9'. 

Windows  of  this 
class  are  usually  trim¬ 
med  up  high  on  the 
background.  The 
Scoop  (No.  777)  re¬ 
flector,  with  60-watt 
unskirted  base  tung¬ 
sten  lamp  is  designed 
for  this  class. 


Cross  section  of  Class-B  'window  showing  distribution  of  light  from 
Visor  with  100 -watt  lamp 


CLASS  B — Height  i|  times  depth 

(1)  Medium  trim  on  the 
background.  Average  dimen¬ 
sions:  height  1  o',  depth  6', 
height  of  trim  7 '. 

(2)  High  trim  on  the  back¬ 
ground.  Average  dimensions: 
height  10',  depth  6',  height  of 
trim  9'. 


Helmet  installed  in  window 
showing  electrical  fittings 

Windows  of  this 
class  are  trimmed  me¬ 
dium  and  high.  The 
Visor  (No.  780)  re¬ 
flector  with  100-watt 
tungsten  lamp  is  de¬ 
signed  for  medium 
trim,  whereas,  the 
Hood  and  Scoop  re¬ 
flectors  alternated, 
are  best  suited  to  the 
high  trim. 

CLASS  C — Height 2  times 
depth 

Medium  trim  on 
background.  Average 
dimensions:  height 
12',  depth  6',  height 
of  trim  f' . 


Cross  section  of  Class-C  window  showing  distribution  of  light  from 
Helmet  with  100-watt  lamp 


Windows  of  this  class  are 
usually  trimmed  to  a  me¬ 
dium  height  and  are  quite 
shallow.  The  Helmet  (No. 
755)  reflector  with  100-watt 
tungsten  lamp  is  designed 
for  this  class. 


CLASS  D  —  Height  equal  to  depth. 

High  trim  on  background.  Average  dimensions: 
height  5',  depth  6',  height  of  trim  5'. 

Windows  of  this  class  are  found  chiefly  where  the  show 
windows  are  divided  into  two  tiers,  and  in  shops  with 

low  headroom  situat¬ 
ed  on  the  ground  floor. 
The  Poke  Bonnet  No. 
750  reflectorwith  2-60 
'  watt  unskirted  base 
tungsten  lamps,  is  de¬ 
signed  particularly  for 
this  class  of  windows. 
It  is  small  and  takes 
up  little  headroom. 


Cross  section  of  Class-D  window  showing  distribution  of  light  from 
Poke  Bonnet  with  two  40 -watt  lamps 


Page  Forty-Eight 


SHOW  WINDOW  LIGHTING 


PLANNING  THE  LIGHTING  EQUIPMENT 

( See  Plate  No.  19) 


CLASS  E — Height  2  Times  Depth 
Low  trim  on  background. 
Average  dimensions:  height  5', 
depth  2'  6",  height  of  trim  2' . 

Windows  of  this  class  are 
found  largely  in  jewelry  stores, 
cigar  stores  and  shoe  stores. 
The  line  of  trim  is  low  and  fre¬ 
quently  nearly  flat.  The  Hood 
(No.  730)  reflector  with  a  60- 
watt  unskirted  base  lamp  is  de¬ 
signed  for  this  class.  The  reflec¬ 
tor  hides  the  bright  lamp  filament  from  the  observers 
on  the  street  and  in  the  store.  This  is  a  very  desirable 
feature  as  many  Class  E-Windows  are  open,  or  glass 
above  the  solid  background,  (See  Plate  No.  19). 


Hood  installed  in  window 
showing  electrical  fittings 


The  height  of  the  window  is  always  measured  from  the 
floor  to  the  ceiling ;  the  depth  from  the  glass  front  to  the 
background ;  the  trim  from  the  floor  up. 


The  accompanying  diagram  used  in  connection  with 
Table  20,  enables  anyone  easily  to  lay  out  an  X-RAY 
window  lighting  installation.  It  shows  the  space  occu¬ 
pied  by  the  various  reflectors  at  the  top  of  the  window. 

The  dimension  “C”  is  such 
that  there  is  ample  space  al¬ 
lowed  for  washing  the  win¬ 
dow  with  the  reflectors  in 
place. 


Cross  section  of  Class — E  Diagram  for  use  with  Table  20 

window  showing  distribution 
of  light  from  .  Hood  with  60- 
watt  lamp. 


Copyrighted  1914 — C.  L.F.  Co. 


Window  Valances 

In  order  to  conceal  show  window  reflectors  from  the 
view  of  the  observer  on  the  street,  window  valances 
are  used  a  great  deal.  In  addition  to  performing  the 
above  function,  they  add  a  touch  of  refinement  and 
exclusiveness  to  a  show  window,  greatly  increasing  the 
attractiveness  of  the  window. 

Many  attractive  designs  are  now  being  manufac¬ 
tured,  of  which  the  one  shown  is  typical. 

Selection  of  Reflector 

Chart  No.  3  simplifies  the  selection  of  the  correct 
reflector  for  any  type  of  window.  To  begin  with,  knowl¬ 
edge  of  three  things  is  necessary:  Height,  Depth  of 
Window,  and  Height  of  Trim  at  Background. 

Suppose,  for  example,  the  show  window  is  io'  high,  6' 
deep  and  the  trim  or  background  to  be  lighted  is  6'  high. 

First,  find  the  height  of  the  window  (10')  on  the 
left-hand  vertical  scale.  This  point  is  indicated  at  “A.” 

Second,  locate  depth  of  window  (6')  on  lower  hori¬ 
zontal  scale.  This  point  is  indicated  at  “B.” 

Third,  move  straight  up  from  here  to  a  point  cor¬ 
responding  to  the  highest  point  to  which  the  window  is 
trimmed  (in  this  case  6').  This  point  is  indicated  at  “C.” 

Now  note  the  diagonal  line  that  most  nearly  passes 
through  the  two  points,  “A”  and  “C”  (in  this  case  it 
is  a  heavy  dark  line).  By  referring  to  the  key  below  we 
find  the  reflector  designated  by  the  heavy  dark  line 
(  )  is  the  VISOR,  which  is  the  correct 

reflector  for  this  window.  In  the  above  example,  if  the 
window  were  12'  high,  the  chart  calls  for  a  HELMET 
reflector.  This  chart  is  based  on  the  use  of  the  lamp  for 
which  each  reflector  is  designed. 

Where  it  is  necessary  to  place  reflectors  on  the  tran¬ 
som  bar,  they  may  be  selected  by  using  the  distance  from 
the  floor  of  the  window  to  the  bar  as  the  height  of 
ceiling. 


Table  20.  Show  Window  Reflectors 


REFLECTOR  LAMP 

Dimensions — Inches 

No.  A  B  C  D  E  Width  Position  of  Holder** 

Lamp 

Watts  No.  Bulb 

Base 

Scoop .  6f  5  2$  5^  9  Vertical  2^-0 

Visor .  9  A  io|  6  3§  f\  9 £  Vertical  3^-A 

Helmet .  10  nf  7}  4/V  7yV  12  Vertical  3I-A 

Poke  Bonnet* .  .  5-7  2\  5  14  Horizontal  Special 

Hood .  5l  9!  5  A  3  A  5  if  9  Vertical  2|-0 

60  S-21  Unskirted 

100  S-30  Skirted 

100  S-30  Skirted 

2-60  S-21  Unskirted 

60  S-21  Unskirted 

*Reflector  supplied  with  special  holder  and  twin  socket. 
**See  Direct  Lighting,  Page  37 


SHOW  WINDOW  LIGHTING 


Page  Forty-Nine 


PLANNING  THE  LIGHTING  EQUIPMENT 

( Continued ) 


Spacing  of  Reflectors 

In  Table  21  is  tabulated  the  reflector  spacings  recom¬ 
mended  for: 

(1)  Average  Illumination  Intensity. 

(2)  Bright  Illumination  Intensity. 

(3)  Very  Bright  Illumination  Intensity. 

The  table  is  complete  for  all  classes  of  windows  pre¬ 
viously  mentioned. 

It  is  found  by  experience  that  the  brightness  of  illumi¬ 
nation  required  in  the  window  varies  greatly  with  the 
locality.  Thus,  in  many  small  towns,  the  street  illumina¬ 
tion  is  not  of  high  intensity,  and  hence  the  spacings 
recommended  under  classification  (1)  “Average  Illumina¬ 
tion  intensity,”  usually  make  the  windows  sufficiently 
bright  to  make  them  stand  out  by  contrast  with  their 
surroundings.  In  the  average  size  city,  a  somewhat 
higher  intensity  of  illumination  is  required  to  produce 
the  desired  effect  of  making  the  window  brighter  than 
any  of  its  surroundings,  and  hence  the  spacings  recom¬ 
mended  under  classification  (2),  “Bright  Illumination 
Intensity”  are  required.  In  the  very  large  cities,  a  still 
higher  intensity  of  illumination  is  required  to  obtain 
the  same  effect,  necessitating  reflector  spacings  as  given 
under  (3),  “Very  Bright  Illumination  Intensity.” 

Chart  No.  3 


Table  21.  Reflector  Spacings 


Reflector 

Distance 
Between 
Centers 
in  Inches 

Lamp 

Type  Watts 

Class 

of 

Win¬ 

dow 

Average  Illumination  Intensity 

Scoop 

(No.  777) 

28 

Tungsten 

60 

A 

Visor 

(No.  780) 

36 

Tungsten 

100 

B 

Helmet 

(No.  755) 

48 

Tungsten 

100 

C 

Poke  Bonnet 

(No.  750) 

48 

Tungsten 

2-60 

D 

Hood 

(No.  730) 

28 

Tungsten 

60 

E 

Bright  Illumination  Intensity 

Scoop 

(No.  777) 

18 

Tungsten 

60 

A 

Visor 

(No.  780) 

24 

Tungsten 

100 

B 

Helmet 

(No.  755) 

36 

Tungsten 

100 

C 

Poke  Bonnet 

(No.  750) 

36 

Tungsten 

2-60 

D 

Hood 

(No.  730) 

18 

Tungsten 

60 

E 

Very  Bright 

Illumination  Intensity 

Scoop 

(No.  777) 

IO 

Tungsten 

60 

A 

Visor 

(No.  780) 

12 

Tungsten 

100 

B 

Helmet 

(No.  755) 

18 

Tungsten 

100 

C 

Poke  Bonnet 

(No.  750) 

24 

Tungsten 

2-60 

D 

Hood 

(No.  730) 

IO 

Tungsten 

60 

E 

NOTE.  For  Scoop-Hood  combination  use  spacing  recommended 
for  either  reflector. 


In  determining  the  reflector  spacings  best  suited  to 
the  given  conditions,  one  cannot  be  guided  entirely  by 
the  size  of  the  town,  since  many  small  cities  compare 
very  favorably  with  the  larger  cities  insofar  as  bright¬ 
ness  of  street  and  window  illumination  is  concerned, 
whereas  many  windows  on  streets  in  the  outskirts  of 
very  large  cities  require  no  brighter  illumination  than 
those  of  a  small  city.  The  number  and  spacing  of  re¬ 
flectors  in  a  window  resolves  itself  down  to  a  case  of 
using  good  judgment,  but  experience  has  shown  Table 
21  to  be  very  useful  as  a  guide. 

Example 

It  is  required  to  illuminate  a  show  window,  located 
in  the  downtown  district  of  a  city  of  120,000  population, 
of  the  following  dimensions: 

Height  12',  depth  5',  trim  6',  length  10'. 

Goods  displayed  both  light  and  dark. 

Background  dark  oak;  solid  to  top  of  trim;  glass 
from  there  up  to  ceiling. 

Referring  to  Chart  No.  3,  we  find  that  a  light  un¬ 
broken  line  most  nearly  passes  through  the  two  points 
corresponding  to  the  window  under  consideration.  Hence 
the  reflector  required  is  the  Helmet,  with  a  100-watt 
tungsten  lamp. 

Since  this  window  is  located  in  the  downtown  dis¬ 
trict  of  a  large  city  and  both  light  and  dark  goods  are 
displayed,  it  will  be  best  to  use  the  reflector  spacing 
recommended  under  (3),  “Very  Bright  Illumination 
Intensity.”  (Table  21). 

The  length  of  the  window  (io')  divided  by  the  recom¬ 
mended  spacing,  (18”)  equals  6^3.  The  use  of  6  Helmet 
reflectors  evenly  spaced,  on  2o"centers,  will  be  entirely 
satisfactory  for  this  window. 


Page  Fifty 


SHOW  AND  WALL  CASE  LIGHTING 


STORES  AND  DISPLAY  ROOMS 


The  Midget  No.  510 


Installation  Data 

Number  of  cases  6  Height  2'  10" 

Depth  1'  6"  Length  5'  o" 

Reflectors  Midget  Spacing  12"  on  centers 

Lamps  25-watt  tubular  Total  number  of  re¬ 
tungsten  Sectors  installed  30 


Sid*  View 


THE  MIDGET  N°  S/0. 


Show  and  wall  case  lighting  is  one  of  the  most  difficult  problems  to 
solve.  The  cases  are  usually  comparatively  high  and  very  shallow.  Very 
little  room  is  alloted  to  the  lighting  equipment,  which  therefore  must 
necessarily  be  small  and  compact. 

The  X-RAY  Midget  reflector  is  designed  particularly  for  this  class  of 
service.  It  can  be  installed  in  connection  with  approved  conduit  work,  and 
requires  no  special  fittings.  It  is  designed  for  use  with  a  25-watt  tubu¬ 
lar  tungsten  lamp. 

The  space  required  for  its  installation  is  very  small  as  indicated  in  the 
accompanying  sketches.  The  light  distribution  is  correct,  and  the  efficiency 
high.  Its  great  advantage  over  the  straight  line  filament  lamp,  lies  in  the 
fact  that  it  uses  a  no  volt  multiple  lamp,  whereas  the  latter  uses  a  30 
volt  series  lamp,  with  the  consequent  trouble  of  four  lamps  being  extin¬ 
guished  when  one  burns  out. 

Barrett  Mfg.  Company 

The  illustration  of  the  Barrett  Mfg.  Co. s’  display  room  for  building 
materials,  presents  an  interesting  problem  in  lighting.  The  principle 
of  lighting  from  concealed  sources  has  been  fully  carried  out.  The  in¬ 
direct  fixtures  supply  adequate  illumination  to  all  portions  of  the  display, 
except  the  material  in  the  deep  wall  cases,  where  additional  local  illu¬ 
mination  is  required.  This  is  furnished  by  Midget  reflectors  with  25-watt 
tungsten  lamps  installed  as  shown  in  the  accompanying  drawings. 


Barrett  Mfg.  Co.,  Boston,  Mass. 


Installation  made  by  Pettingel- Andrews  Co. 


P age  Fifty-One 


MISCELLANEOUS  DATA 


Table  22.  Average  Horizontal  Illumination  on 
Working  Plane  for  given  Wattage 
with  Indirect  Lighting 


Class  A  and  B  Installations- 

Watts  per 
sq.  ft. 


-Efficiency  of  Utilization  .30 

Foot 

Candles 


•25 
•50 
•75 
1 .00 
1  25 

1.50 

1- 75 
2.00 
2.25 

2.50 

2- 75 

3- oo 


•  7 
i-5 
2.2 

2.9 

3- 7 

4- 4 

5- i 

5-9 

6 . 6 

7-3 

8.0 

8.8 


Table  23.  Average  Horizontal  Illumination  on 
Working  Plane  for  given  Wattage 
with  Direct  Lighting 

General  Illumination — Efficiency  of  Utilization  .55 

Watts  per  Foot 

sq.  ft.  Candles 


•25 
•50 
•75 
1 .00 

1  25 

1.50 

1- 75 
2 . 00 
2.25 

2.50 

2- 75 
3.00 


i-3 

2.7 
4.0 

5-4 

6.7 
8.1 

9-4 

10.8 

12. 1 
13-5 

14.8 

16.2 


Class  C  Installations — Efficiency  of  Utilization  .26  These  values  are  calculated  on  the  basis  of  a  light 


Watts  per  Foot  production  efficiency  of  1  watt  per  horizontal  candle 

sq.  ft.  Candles  power. 

'  25 . 6  The  efficiency  of  utilization  is  the  total  quan- 

'5° .  1  -3  tity  of  light  flux  effective  in  illuminating  the  work- 

'  75< .  1-9  ing  plane,  expressed  as  a  per  cent  of  the  total  light 

1 ' 00 .  2-5  flux  delivered  by  the  lamps. 

1-25 .  3-1 

I  ■  5° .  3-8  The  working  plane  for  these  tables  is  taken  as  a 

1- 75 .  4-4  horizontal  plane  30"  above  the  floor. 

2.00 .  5.0 

2.25 .  5-6  A  foot-candle  is  the  illumination  received  by  a 

2.50 .  6.3  surface  one  foot  distant  from  a  light  source  of  one 

2- 75 .  6.9  candle  power.  It  is  a  measure  of  the  intensity  of 

3  •  OO .  7-5  illumination  received  by  an  object. 


Record  Sheet  of  Illumination  Computations 


Building .  Location . 

Room 
or  Bay 

Ceiling 

Height 

Size 

Area 
Sq.  Ft. 

Watts 

Per 

Sq.  Ft. 

Total 

Watts 

No.  of 
Fixt. 

Lamps 

Reflector 

Per 

Fixt. 

Size 

Watts 

Type 

No. 

*Length 
of  Susp. 

/ 

*The  length  of  suspension  for  indirect  lighting  is  the  distance  from  the  top  of  the  reflector  to  the  ceiling; 
for  direct  lighting,  from  the  bottom  of  the  reflector  to  the  ceiling. 

4 


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Area.  5952  Souare  feet. 

(eitinq  Height  22-  6 
Slumber  of  fixtures?  16 
Lamps?  Per  TTxt  ure  4-100  Wat  t , 

X-Pau  tye  (bmfort  T2ef lectors  T.-Z00 
Top  oj  Deflectors  tofpiltnq  7L0" 

Watt's  Per  Souarelrrot  -1.60, 
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Installation  Data 

Size  or  room  -43-6  *63- 6> 

Ceilinq  he i q nr  /0~6> 

C/pea  or  room  236>6>  ^ 

X-TZatKye  Comfort  Peflector  No  E-Z50 
Tor  or  reflector  ro  CE/UNq.  ZL3 
Number  or  outlets  ZS 

Watts  per  so  rr  Z  SO 

Zh/EPAqE  Zbor  Candles  7>0O 

Mazda  lamps  pep  fixture  : 

Outlets  no.  S,  &,  7, 3.  IS,  17,  21, 26>, 
Z7.  &  23  -  /•  150  WATT.  EACH 
Outlets  no.  /,  Z ,  3,4,  9, 10, 1 1 12. 

13. /4,/ 6,  !Q,  19,20. 2Z  .23.24,  2  23.  - 
1-230  WATT  EACH 
230  WATT  LAMPS  ARE  USED 

WHERE  FINE  DETAIL  WORK  IS  ROHE 
ISO  WATT  LAMPS  IVHEPE  A  LESSER  IN¬ 
TENSITY  or-  illumination  is  -required 


The  National  XT  ay  Reflectob  ©■  Chicago -III 


Plate  No* 3 


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C&iUng  Height  Z0'~0'1 
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XPay  Pye(omjbrt  PefledorE255 
Top  of  Pef  lector  to  fetlirtq  12:6" 
Auinber  of  Outlets  0 
Avazda  lamps  Phr  P?destal-4-Z50 
Watt  .Clear  bulb. 

Watts  Per  SqyXt-  170 
hoot  Candles  -4.2.5. 


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Plate  No  5 


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v— }  Zy  0  \y\ 

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K  3  4s|S^| 

CH  50  t  s.  g.  '■'i  ’  0 


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j  “  -it-.-™  ... ^r-H 

jj _ , 

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Plate  No- 7 


PI; 


■sai±V3HL~  aoj~  m  j  i.5<u^b  untibv^pojm  o^jaq)  j  43 


] 


o.  8 
^res 


p 


8-150  Uta/f  Clear  bu’b  Mazda  Lamps. 


_ (,  0 Ida  tt  C/ear  bulb 

j - \  Mozchlampto  IHu/mnale  Gloss  lime/s  ///  bou>l. 

'DoWL-HyC CoAfOPT  HXTURE. 


Maim  Floor  Data 

Bays  ZZ: C*  ZZ  C-  fiTfpical. 
frea  of  Days  506  Cqjfit. 

Cedmp /oetpfil  ZO-6% 

Humber  of  fixtures  1 

YZRay  fiye  Comfort  fief  lector  7ype  fit- 1 '55. 

Top  of  fief  lector  to  Ce/finp  4Z'. 

Lamps  per  fixture  -  QT50  Ufitt Clearfiutb/tazah 
Wathper  Cxp.fit.  Z.5Q 
A  verape  foot  Caudles  7 

I_ filaor  ,  


HmATKM: 


LL. 


Comfort 


Tflijt 


77 - V~ 

OCALE  (EiLIAIG  DETAIL 

&  Ham  oe(olum\m. 


§>pstrm  Hd  Stores 

.  sDcale{Lamot(eilimg-16  Typical  Cays,  : 


Dctailo  Of  Typical  (olummc  &  (Lilimg  On  Mm  Hoop. 
The  Lyttom  Dldg.(hicagoOllimois. 


_ fJupJjue.. _ 


Aarshall&Fox  Architects 


flctpr  lx: 


\i{l»j2iHZ-  jj 


1  4 


/iaroelitc  Gbso* 

Sectiom-Th  ro'.Lumimous 


zfM.  Flevatiom 
'orCoLu/in  &Dzc- 
tio/i  THRb.CEium 

E 


Plate  Ao8 


^fieCprComfortiriqfttitTq^pjsittm  Tbg  toiDcncEG 


«  DctailIa  I>reRm  Looking  I/to  Living  Rocn 


^caleM'O. 


-( 


Curtis  Ratable  Adapter  WIQCO. 

A  -X' RAYTyE (CArORT-BErLCCTOE  AQC-£55. 

’  B  ■  Feelector  Holder  &  Supports  .  ✓ 

.  Cv White-  Dixfoe  touKTiAG  Lights  Art  Shade 
D  10VATT  lfe)5TEDAA7m.LAMP5  Givi/iG Additional  Illu/ai 
nmionlo  Shade  lr  Desired. 

"E"-Pull  Switch  (oytrollimg  Lamps  T3 

T“  "  ••  "  "  "g: 

GT50Watt (Lear  DulbAazqa  Lamp  Tor IflDiRECTTu-UAUAATicfi  ^  - 
X  Dorm  Or  Disc  Punched  3  "Iron  Pipe  Size  <£  Easte/ied  By  A  Ibckaut 


.iviM  gIRdo/m  Data 
(Size  1S'0''x£0-o" 

Area  -  300  Sqf.FL. 

(tiuMG  Height  10-0" 

LF  OrFberABLEs-lfuDORgl Table. 
X'Ray  E.Ye(QA\roRT  Reelector. 
Type  D255". 

TOPOrRcrLECTOETo(tlLlM&(5EELLmEQrj) 
Lamps  Per  Rstable  1  KO  VathTeaeLiuid^im 
Watts  PerBoTt,  LLtoTAtiEtoAaiLuRfM 
Average  Toot  Cjsdleb  -  3-  Z5I 
H°~  With  Eoth  Pcktables  Ample 
Illumiaatioa!  With  M50Watt  LampIach. 

-  GjRTrisTbRTAELEBooKLETGlVES  &APLETE 
DETA!l-'5. 


Plate  Alo  9  • 


111. 


drijc€pcConifortXid)tinai)p^trm  log- Libraries. 


fixtures  of  Solid  Bronte . 

'The  bottom  portion  of  the. 
fixture.  Supports  2-E- 60  def¬ 
lectors  (on tain mg  -40  Walt  Cleat- 
bulb /'Aaxda  fpmp&  to  Illuminate- 
the  bottom  of  the  1  arcjer  botot, 
directly  about  . 


40*  Watt  Clear  bulb/"\az.dQ  lam 

r-60  deflector. 


Size  Or  Poom-47'MOO’ 
£)rca  ••  4700' 

14°  Or  fix  lures  11 
X-Ray  tye  Comjorl  Rejteclo? 
Type  -E.-Z.OO.  J 
O  Pejleclor  to£iling-8:0' 
lamps  per  fixture  fe-lOOWaU. 
Vails  Per  •Sqj’.Th  -140 
0rerageTool(3ncUes  0.74. 

(fixtures  furnished  by  lloe 

-\PelLngell  Pjndreios Co .  of 
IDoslon  /*\ass 

— — /V- 


7^. 

6-  100\v&t\  Lamp] 


loo  Walt 


■Reflector 


Plate  No  10- 


flfhc  Qrpc  Comfort  Xiqhlitrq  ^>p^lenrl5p  Hospitals 


"Pfiinfnrced^rpip.n^or  .  ,  _ , _ — 1- 

•':'-■•<•-  ••  •  j  ■  v  r  w.  Ad-W-W. 1  -  A  ...  o 

/.  •■»  »...•.♦•  <v  ..'-i  ■■■■  »■•:  - ‘  • ;  *■•.  -"■  .-•’•V,  .\  •.  ♦  j-— ‘i . 

‘  f.  •'  •,  v  »  ■  •  '  a  :  -  J  ■■ a  a  °  •  •  ■<  •  .• 


1 

1r - f- 

L 

I 

1»  e 

tons  pended.  felling 

Size  -  Operating  tom  -Surcical  Wing  Bldg .  ZO *£4! . 
Area  48 0  Saiare  Teel . 

©ling  height  13teet. 

/lumber  of  fixtures.-!?,. 
X-Ray-Eye(5mforl-BefledoD  -E-  ZOO. 

Top  of  fef  lectors  to(eiluig-5''0" 

Lamps  Per  fixture  -6-l50Wdtt. 

Watts  Per  Souarefoot  3.75 

Average  Toot  (gndles  10 

Total  8  Operating  Pooms  tpuipped. 

With  Indirect  Illumination, 
fixtures  finished  in  lohite  rtiamel 


■Plate  No  1 1  - 


. 


■Plate  Mo-12-  THE  NATIONAL  X'&AY  2.EFLECTOB.  O  CHICAGO-ILL- 


PI 


No.  12 

ior  Ges 


3  n  eg  Aboupfbc 


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Cornices 


Plate  No-14-  THE  NATIONAL  X'^AY  BeELECTOL  <0;  CHICAGO -I LL 


!  ]  te  h  14 

Luminous  icqpt. 


tjra‘§  -11  ®  ~ 

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■  •  '  SIS 

Interior  Eqpt 


f be  (f  pc  Comfort  Xtqbfttrq  &pstenr  INTERIORS 


MULTI  UNIT  INTERIORS 
DEEP  BOWL  TYPE. 


b«  uS«d  of  cjnftr 

perforated  top  cop 


i_  L  BoHom  Co 


I  n.pple-'' 
Stem  of  switch 


The  general  dimensions  given  on  this 
sheet  are  intended  primarily  to  indicate 
the  minimum  inside  diameter  and  depth 
of  fixtures  in  which  these  interiors  are 
to  be  used.  These  interiors  hove  been 
designed  so  as  to  keep  the  diameter  a 
minimum  ,  bent  nipples  being  used  on  the  Z, 
3  and 4  light  E-60  and  the  Zand  3  light 
E-/55  interiors  to  accomplish  this  . 

'T' Indicates  that  one  socket  mac/  be  used  at  center  of 
body  in  connection  with  perforated  top  cap 
/  For  E- iOO  reflector  D  =  7,i  "  for  E-ZOO  D  --  7| 
fEor  E £50 ref lector  D=9g  \  for  E255  D=9g  . 


MULTI-UNIT  INTERIORS 
SHALLOW-BOWL  TYPE. 


Regular  bottom  cop 

Skill  cap  for  poll 

Switch  rsicKanism, 


SINGLE  UNIT  INTERIORS. 

The  dimension  M  indicates 
the  minimum  inside 
diameter  of  the  fixture 
in  which  the  unit  is  to 
be  used.  It  is  the  overall 
length  of  the  horizontal 
E  /55  unit. 


--C  v'5h«.ll  cop  {or  pull 
"TTf*  Switch  mechanism 


Cotoioq 

No 

Eauipment 

Dimensions 

Reflectors  - 

Lamps 

A 

B 

c 

D 

7000 

2  light ,E-40ref!  40w/amp 

6s8 

33e 

34 

5b 

1001 

g  11  91  JJ 

ii  >»  ’ 

7'e 

37a 

1 1 

9  1 

7 002 

^  *9  ”  U 

11  31 

8 

4b 

1 1 

f  3 

1003 

5  "  ”  ” 

31  11 

9' 8 

57a 

f  y 

»  9 

7 004 

6  ”  »  ” 

31  11  t* 

10 

6b 

1  y 

13 

7005 

y  9 1  yy  it 

11  ii  ci': 

II 

7b 

ii 

*  3 

7006 

Q  >1  >*  >> 

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12' 8 

87a 

3* 

>9 

1001 

g  yy  yy  if 

3)  y> 

Id's 

97e 

31 

>1 

7008 

10  ”  ,J  w 

yy  ii 

14' 8 

I07a 

11 

33 

7  0/9 

2  It  E  100 or £200 ref!  !00w 

968 

47e 

4  b 

t 

1080 

^  *i  f)  yy  v 

ii  11 

10% 

5*8 

If 

t 

102 t 

4  »  »  n  » 

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31 

t 

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14*8 

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1024 

y  a  if  yy  n 

ii  ii  :i'. 

16' 8 

/  lb 

11 

t 

1025 

Q  »  >>  >>  >> 

13  a  dm'- 

17*8 

I27e 

» 

t 

1026 

2  hah  t  -  E 200 £  ref/ 150  w  lamp 

9% 

47a 

33 

8*8 

7027 

3  ” 

3)  33 

/03e 

5*8 

33 

*3 

1028 

^  » *  *3 

H  31 

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>> 

103/ 

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11  3  3 

16' 8 

/  /  3 8 

11 

yy 

7 032 

Q  ”  >)  » 

31  33 

17*8 

I27e 

11 

93 

7034 

3  light,  E-150  reft 

/  50  w lamp 

13 

7 

6 

84 

1035 

^  13  33  if 

33  31 

14  b 

8b 

39 

yy 

7 036 

5  ”  ”  ” 

33  ft 

16 '2 

101 

99 

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ft  33 

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181 

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33 

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1045 

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15 

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V  33 

2/ 

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19 

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31  31 

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16 '4 

» 

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7050 

Q  3J  if  13  33 

3  3  13 

25b 

181 

1> 

/ 

7059 

3  light  £255?  reft  400w/amp 

15 

8'e 

9) 

// 

7060 

4  33  33  33  31  33 

n 

t0'8 

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7 06/ 

5  ”  ”  J> 

11  31 

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12k 

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1062 

g  31  31  33 

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99 

7 063 

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31  33 

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16 'a 

39 

19 

1064 

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31  13 

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181 

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39 

1066 

3  It.  ESOOref  1  400or 500  w 

I85a 

10 1 

81 

lib 

106  7 

4  33  33  33  31 

H  If 

20b 

12 '4 

9 9 

•3 

1068 

g  if  * 3  yy  yy 

11  11 

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14b 

9  9 

yy 

1069 

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31  13 

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171 

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20 

99 

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101  / 

Q  33  »3  33  3y 

33  33 

314 

22b 

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1} 

SHALLOW-BOWL  EQUIPMENT. 


7  010 

7  011 
70/2 

7  0/3 

7  014 

7  015 

7  0/6 
105/ 

1052 

1053 

1054 
7055 
1056 
1051 

Z  Hqht  E 60  reft  60  w  lamp 

g  3  1  33  3  3  99  ' 

^  99  31  99  99  91 

g  11  11  11  99  39 

g  99  99  99  39  >9 

y  93  39  99  99  99 

Q  19  3  9  93  99  13 

2  It  E-155 reft  tOOor  150 w 

J  93  91  9 y  39  99  99 

A  19  93  99  99  39  93 

^  f 

g  99  3J  99  39  99  91 

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678 
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8b 
9*8 
10*8 
10*8 
111 
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9*8 
lib 
l33/e 
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13*16 
14  *,  6 

64 

74 

74 

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9  b 
9  b 
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99 

99 

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4 

19 

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31 

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19 

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19 

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3% 

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y> 

SINGLE -UNIT 

EQUIPMENT. 

M 

D 

8016 

£  -  40  ref lector  -  40 watt  lamp 

61 

5*8 

81  12 

E- 155 

-100  or  150  w  lamp 

II 

378 

8018 

E-100  » 

-lOOwall  lomp 

91 

7b 

8019 

E200  ” 

-100 

91 

7  b 

8020 

£2002  ” 

-150  ” 

91 

8*8 

802/ 

E-150  ” 

-150  ” 

12 

84 

8022 

£250  " 

250  ” 

13b 

9 '8 

8023 

£-255  ” 

■250  ”  ’ 

13b 

978 

81  10 

£2552  ” 

400  ”  ” 

13b 

II 

81  1  1 

£500  " 

- 40Oor500w  lamp. 

n 

lib 

Thl  National  XE>ay-  Rlflectol  <a-  Chicago  III 


Plate  Mo- 15  DATA  FOR  OPAQUE  BOWLS 


PI 

Show 


1 


y-Rat)  lUflectom  Pk  5how  Windows 


~W/a  .  ?ow  2Dp/rp^( V/n.  q/vcz) 

c  O??  ZZOAtCE*U-lM4?  PLlPL^C  tops 
*\pOrt  ^TJPZZT- 


•j-/Nq 


^9^/953  *SPPZ?E 

£jr  /nch  Wo? 


Evans  Building. 
Smith,  Rea  &  Lovitt 

Architects. 
Kansas  City,  Mo. 


W*rr  Ceeer 
I  BUCB  P7&ZD/R 


Detail  of  Gcoop  Deflector  jNo 

WIDTH -T  SCALE -■%' 


I/J5TALLATIOAI  DATA 
Height—  9lO'‘ 
Depth  —  9 O' 
Dethectops  —  Scoop 
Spacing  —  JS  on  ceni 
Lamps  —  <o0  Watt 


5egtioa  THau  Window 

SCALE  %  =I10" 


/  ^ 

r  ^ 

The  Matiomal  XT  ay  Deflector,  G  Chicaqo-Ill- 


Plate  AJo-I6 


iff 


■ 


P  \7 

Show  vvinuows 


Rjefkct0r$ToL5How  Windows' 


£  IgUbberAastel-p 

^  ftrcelc^inl^ceptacle' 


Shade, Holder  2>W 
To  r  m  A 


Shade  Holdei 


DroREBuiLDiMG(9r 
(fenPlRlE  3(0X1 
(Voo&oOl 

LrrH~  SULLIVA/S. 

^chitectt. 


Gear  Dulb/^azda  l^mp. 


/ieuer  lesslbcin  6 


X#¥gCR^LCCTO^s780. 
I  ]  I  Iarge  Detail 

11  I 


A^it-ror, 


Tinibbed.  T^loor 


Xfe'-’V&OR.'^FLECTOR.  7fs760. 


^O" 


Plate  Mo- 17 


q  62 1.32 

N  li 

cop.  2 


\ 


Shov 


^effector* - Tol Show  Windows 


.CAGOILL. 


Plate  Mo-18 


p 

Shov 


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Sections  Thru  Typical  Windows 

5CALE,  %  =1-0 " 


CohTPL/fT  Wlrr/NCf 


Tp*/L'ST/&J-E  /-/cU-DCR  E l/RN/3 HEO 
rrH  THE  REELEC7~OTR 


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£lect&/c  VJires 


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T^ORc i £./-&//*  AY <e£P  w/tc.j. £ 
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Detail  or  Hood  Deflector  No-73 O 

5CALE  j"‘llO 


— ---|PLA N 

Detail  or  Poke  Boaaet  Deflector  No750 

SCALE  J''-l'-0" 

/eel/s  r^r/o/v  .■ 

W/AJDOW  EQU/T'Pf^  W/TH  HOOV  -REVEECTORS 

Plmer  Coe  g  Co.  Or/s  BLriq  Cn/c^qo 

TSefeectors  sttced  /&  in.  on  centers 


The  National  X-Ray  Peeleotoe  0-  Chicago-Ill- 


Plate  No-19 


P! 


.  20 
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deflectors 


p  Smti  £>ld(j5  • 


W  ' e>  *>■-  P  I.**  °  L1'  a  ‘>  a  47  &  ° 


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/V°  565  X RAY  c~' 

' DIRECT  L/CfHT/N(f  BE  ELECTORS -> 


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■^A^Popcel  a/h~J 


Ce/l/nq 


2-ta"  Bobm  H Holder 


Outlet  Box 
Receptacle 


Details  of  Service  £>uildjaiq  For, 
Ford  Motor  Co -St  Paul  Miji  a- 

JOHA  CjRAHAM  ARCHITECT  JdEATTLI  WASH 


IWQ-- ~-  TTh 

/  \  NO  5 65 X  RAY 


\  \  D/RCCT  UQHT/NQ 
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CONCRETE  5 Loon  ■ 


A <> ; .v.'-olCA i •  VCAC ;AK 

■  R  c>  Y  .  Po_  &  n  t  M  ^  ^  ■  6  t>  >  19 '  l>  o',  e-o-  P*  <■»’  *Ait  p  .  v-  j»  -  ^  L’  0  \iF  A  .  j  £•  «  q-  -  , 


Sictiom  Or  Typical  E>ay 

■With  Lamps  And  Reflectors  In  Position- 
Scale  3/16’=  i- o' 


,  / 

■3/16 

SCALE- 

FT 

— 

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1 

=~n 

7"kaa  Of  L/qHT/Nq  Un/t  Installed  In  The 
Various  Ford  Stations-  Note  Now 
Effectively  The  Deep  Deelector  Conceals 
The  Lamp  ■  Scale  f/T  Full  5/ze 

2  2.' -AS  ‘ 


NO  565  XDaY  DIRECT  LKfHTfNq 
Be  el  sc  top  u/th  zoo  iyatt  Mazda 
Lamp > 


H 

Location  Of  Outlet  Ln 
Center.  Of  Bays  On  First 
Floor  Of  Bu/LD/uq  One 
25o  Watt  Lamp  And*k>5 
XBay  Beflector  Placed 

At  This  Outlet - ^ 

■On  All  Upper  *>gf 

Floors  The  Four  ^ 
Corner  Outlets  Apply- 


n 


n- 


n 


The  National  X'Tay  Deflector  (a-  Chicago-Ill- 


Plate  Ao-20 


Plat 


kS 


focf  lectors  ■Pa  FACTORIES 


toras 


WORK  TABLE 


•  Ja  Ocale  Section  Of  Fresh  Work  Room- 


HavaM'Amebicm  Tobacco  Company- Chicago  111 

•  Qeo-  GlNimmons  ■  Architect  ■  Chicaqo  •  III- 


'2 AO-  FL ■  L/NF 


233-  7"  INS/OF 


Note 

O  VERHEAD  L  /<?Hr/MQ- 
EXCLU5!  VEL  Y  /A/  TH/5 
EH  CTO  GY  -  NO  DROP 
CORDS  EMPLOYED  ■ 

Outlets  lo'-o" apart  ( 

ONE  MY-  //-//  "0/ PEG 
WHY-  '  v 

PEEL E C TOES  //~0“  FROM 
FLOOR  ■  JOO  V/ETT  LEMPS  , 
HEED  ■  PECH  LEMP 
PROY/DE5  6  WORKMEN 
h//TH  SUFF/C/EHT 
/LL  UM  /HE  T/OH  • 


Stock  beg 


B  0  0  O 


E/  K5T  ELOO# 


Z 


FRESH  hope  dept 
£3-10" A  233- 7"- 
P— C.»i  <7/  BEEHIVES" OSLO  /N 

th/5  pooh-  Over 400 
BEEHIVES  !H  THE  COMPLETE 
/HSTELLET/OH  • 

The  l/qht/ho  equipment  wes 
/HOTEL  LED  BY  P/ERCE  pLEC  TR/C  Co- 
C.OHTRECTOR5  CHICELfO- 

^ STREP  HAN/}  EH  FASTENED 
TO  ROOT 


W 


JB- 


■PLEC.TR/C  OUTLETS' 


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-0- 


4Y 


-0- 


'WORK 


NY 


-B- 


Nh 


Nh 


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-B- 


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V, 

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AS- 


-B 


9 


■3/64-" 5call  Partial  Plaa  Of  Fresh  Work  Room- 

Ohowiaq  Location  Or  LiqHTiAiq  Units- 


A 


y/2  COHOU/T  F/TT/H/f 
W/TH  PORCELA/H  sJ/2  CONDUIT 
COVER • 


77, 


PoRNt  /)  34  SHADE 
HOLDER 


Heevv  re/nfopced 

CORD 


Press  shell 
socket 

A  Re  Y  "Beehive  " 
Reflector  No-765 


Too  Nett  MAZDA 
LAMP 


DETAIL  OF  LlQHTIMQ  FIXTURE 
■Showinq  Method  Of  Suspending 
From  Sawtooth'  Roof  -  1‘ .Scale- 


The  Xatiohal  XDay  Deflector  <a-  Chicaqo  111- 


Plate  No-21 


deflectors  -F>B  Lake  At>  High 


sms- 


-Oae-  Half  From  Elevatioa  -  s/^scall  -  o/je  Half  Fiction  Thru  Track  £oom~ 


This  large  room  fob  indoor  sports  is  lighted  by  X-Ray  Reeh/vc  Reflectors 

WITH  tOO  WATT  LAMPS  -  THE  5AME  L/<fHT/N</  A  RRANGEMEHTS  CAH  BE  APPLIED  TO 
ARMORIES  ,  COLISEUMS  ,  ERECTING  SHOPS,  ETC 


SHEET  IRON  CASE 

—X-Ray  direct 

LIQHTINp  REFLECTOR 
Ho.  jes  "the  Beehive  ' 


445CALI  ElIVATJOA- 


The  fixture  is  a  box  of  art  glass  and  metal  w/th 

MOHOCjRAM  OH  SIDES  COARSE  W/R.E  NETTING  COVERS 
THE  BOTTOM  ^  _  T  _ 

Details  Of  Lighting  Fixture 


— 

) ' ) 
/  V 

(\ 

%"  5cale  Plan 


■Plan  Or  Track  Loom 

■\Z64-"  5CALI 

The  locat/oh  oe  the  lighting  fixtures  is 

INDICATED  ■ 

Wattage  cohsu med  is  about  -(,5  watts  per  sqir 

FOR  THE  DIRECT  LIGHTING  ■  ADDITION  OF  INDIRECT 
LIGHTING  FEATURE  BR/HQS  TOTAL  WATTAGE  TO  ABOUT 
/  WATT  PER  SR  FT- 


H0R.THWL5TERN 
UNIVEE5ITY  ' 
QYMHA5IUM  ■ 

Qeo-W-Mahel  ■  Architect- 

Chicago-  Illinois 


ThB  dE/LtMCj  /S  L/(jHTED  BY  XP/9Y  P  E  ELECTORS 
HO  650  PO/WTE D  L/PW/tPD  -  TWO  25  WATT  LAMP 5 
W/TH  THE5E  PEFLECTOQS  flPE  PLACED  /H  THE 
TOP  OF  EACH  F/XTUR.F  • 


The  National  X-Ray  Reflector  0-  Chicago  III 


Cate  No-22. 


Plate 

r 


llvtn  deflectors  F>eGmchcs  Ay  Auditoriums? 


WITH 

)ARK 

EILI«45 


Notes:- 

/HB/H  /UJDITOR.IUM 

■4-8-6'x 

BACK  Of  P/L/.BP5 
EAC/J  3/OE 

Total  floor  area  5jS2 

SQ- FT.  REAR  3AL COM* 

24-' -o" A  30  '-o'' 

JO  F/ XT  ORES  FOG.  M4/H  ^ 
AL'D/TOQiUM  -  /  FIXTURE  1 
FOR  REAR  BALCONY- 
EACH  LANTERN 
ENCLOSES  -4-XRAY 
"BE EH/VE  "  HO-  7 & 5  REFLECTOR 
W/TH  J50  WATT  LAMPS 
AND  3-4-0  WATT  LAMPS 
FOR  ILLUM/NATINCf  tyLASS 
SIDES  OF  FIXTURE • 


he  Matiomal  X-£ay  Deflector.  (a-  Chicago -III 


Platc  Mo  2.3 


deflectors  F\  Manufacturing  Bidgs 


Calumet  Baking  Powdee  <§•  Chicago- 
Cchmidt  Gaeden  A  Maetiai 


Installation  Data 

S/ze  or  byiys-  /6  '-0%  k  /9~3/i 
S<?  Ft-  rm  b/iy  -  <3X2 

Ce/EIAN?  HEKfHE-  /Z~Z 

J^RAYPE  —  /OO  wwr-  ONE  AN 
CENTER  or  ENCH  BrRY. 

Wa/tts  per  09.  rr  0.3Z  Pox 

GENERATE  IEEUMIN/TT/ON. 

1,  ighting  r/xri/RES  ei/bpenoed 

O/Y  PEEX/BEE  EORO  /A  /AY.  EROAY 

ce/u/yq  7-0  Borrorr  or  reteector 
’E,Er/Ecro7?S  (/SEE 

O/y  rrcrorv  noors-No.  565  / 
In  pri/yt/Ng  dept:  —No.  765 
I  AY  TO/EET3  -  No.  555. 

Orr/CES  ATRE  E/^NrEB  BY 
The  £ye  Con/port  3ystehi  or 

INO/RECT  /EEX/H1//YA/r/OAY . 


-ii- 


AftCHITECT-5. 


* 


-/6-Ot 


& 


3" 


& 


No  56 

/PEPEE^TOR 

/ 


5  X~7?AY  20>/REcr  /L/<f//r/A/<? 
av/tn  /OO  IV/rrr  A/thtr 


Q(S7~J-/ />/£.  OW  A7/NCW//V/E 


t 


6-0;. 


ft -YEOS^t 


-/6-0 


ib 


-/6:0± 


4 


H 


fee 


E 

^  ¥ 

7] 

E 

w - 

il  L 

3 

.<0 

Os 


Partial  Plan  —  Third  FLoor 

/SHOWING  TYPICAL  BAY/5 


•Sc/TEE  //£  =■  /  '-O'' 


DETAIL  OF  LIQHTIAIQ-  FIXTURE, 

SCHEE%*/" 


The  National  X-Ray  Reflector  (a-  Chicaqo  III 


Plate  No  24 


Index  To  Detail  Plates 


>  >f  r? 


y  •* 


INDIRECT  LIGHTING 


Detail 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 
9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

25 

26 

27 

28 

29 

30 

31 

32 

33 

34 

35 


16 

17 

18 
19 

36 

37 


Office  Buildings  .  13 

Banks . . . . .  14 

Drafting  Rooms . .  .  18 

Hotels  and  Clubs  (Cornices) . . 

Hotels  and  Clubs  (Pedestals) . 

Churches  and  Auditoriums  . . 

Theatres .  . 

Stores  and  Display  Rooms  . 

Residences  ....... —  _ 

Library  Buildings . . 

Hospital  Operating  Rooms. 

Cornice  Lighting . 

Cornice  Lighting  .  .  . 

Luminous  Bowl  Interior  Equipment. . 

Opaque  Bowl  Interior  Equipment  .... 


.  • 


SHOW  WINDOW  LIGHTING 

Scoop  Reflector — . 47-49 

Visor  Reflector . .47-49 

Helmet  Reflector .  47-49 

Hood  and  Poke  Bonnet  Reflectors . 47-49 


DIRECT  LIGHTING 

20  Garages  and  Service  Buildings  —  .  41 

21  Factories,  Shops  and  Workrooms . .  38 

22  Large  and  High  Buildings . .  .  34 

23  Churches  and  Auditoriums  (Dark  Ceilings)  34 

24  Manufacturing  Buildings  .  I.. . . . .  38 

38  . . . . 

39  . . . 

40  . . . . . 

41  . . 

.42  . . . . . 

43  ......................... 

44  . . 

45 

*  •  •  •  •  •  •  ••  •  •  t  •  *  *  .  •  •.  t.  |  >  >  » 

46  . . . . . 

47  . . . . . . 

48  . . . . 

This  envelope  contains  twenty  four  detail  drawings  gi-Ving  com¬ 
plete  illumination  and  installation  data,  on  specific  instances  of  the 
successful  and  economic  lighting  of  buildings  from  concealed  sources. 
We  believe  they  coxier  the  field .  up  to  the  present  stage  of  develop¬ 
ment,  excellently.  From  time  to  time  we  Wilt  send  you  additional 
plates,  of  a  similar  nature  on  new  developments,  and  for  this  reason 
have  made  provision  for  another  twenty-four  in  this  envelope. 


IT  IS  our  endeavor  to  render  valuable  aid  to  you  in  the  solution 
of  your  lighting  problems.  Therefore  please  bear  in  mind, 
that  our  staff  of  expert  illuminating  engineers,  is  ready  and 
willing  at  all  times  to  co-operate  with  you  as  fully  as  you  desire, 
In  solving  lighting  problems  in  the  most  effective  manner. 


